TABLE 4.

RER and rates of substrate metabolism before (fasted) and in response to postprandial (PP) consumption of a CHO and protein drink before (pre) and after (post) eTRF and CON:CR¹

	Pre-CON:CR		Pre-eTRF		Post-CON:CR		Post-eTRF
Characteristic	Fasted	PP	Fasted	PP	Fasted	PP	Fasted	PP
RER	0.79 ± 0.03	0.87 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.02	0.75 ± 0.01	0.87 ± 0.01	0.77 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.01
CHOox, g·min–1	0.11 ± 0.03	0.21 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.02
FATox, g·min–1	0.10 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01

¹Data are presented as means ± SEMs; n = 8 per group. All PP values refer to the average of measurements throughout the 3-h postprandial period. Separate mixed-design 2-factor ANOVA (intervention group × pre-post trials) for fasted and PP data revealed significant interactions for fasted RER (P = 0.03) and CHOox (P = 0.04) but no FATox (P = 0.08), whereas no differences were observed between eTRF and CON:CR in any of the PP indices. CHOox, carbohydrate oxidation rates; CON:CR, control/caloric restriction; eTRF, early time-restricted feeding; FATox, fat oxidation rates; PP, 3-h postprandial period following the test meal consumption; RER, nonprotein respiratory exchange ratio.