TABLE 1.
General characteristics of the study sample1
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 3977) | Men (n = 1732) | Women (n = 2245) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monozygotic twins, n (%) | 1298 (32.6) | 505 (29.2) | 793 (35.3) | 0.001 |
| Same-sex dizygotic twins, n (%) | 1272 (32.0) | 603 (34.8) | 669 (29.8) | |
| Opposite-sex dizygotic twins, n (%) | 1407 (35.4) | 624 (36.0) | 783 (34.9) | |
| Age, y, mean (95% CI) | 34.1 (34.1, 34.1) | 34.1 (34.1, 34.2) | 34.1 (34.0, 34.1) | 0.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (95% CI) | 24.8 (24.6, 24.9) | 25.7 (25.5, 25.9) | 24.0 (23.8, 24.2) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), n (%) | 415 (10.4) | 186 (10.7) | 229 (10.2) | 0.6 |
| WC,2 cm, mean (95% CI) | 86.1 (85.6, 86.5) | 92.1 (91.6, 92.7) | 81.2 (80.7, 81.8) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity (women >88 cm; men >102 cm),2n (%) | 771 (20.1) | 268 (15.8) | 503 (23.6) | <0.001 |
| Diet quality score, mean (95% CI) | 7.0 (6.9, 7.0) | 6.4 (6.3, 6.5) | 7.4 (7.3, 7.5) | <0.001 |
| Standardized PRSBMI,2 mean (95% CI) | 6.6e−10 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.4 |
| Standardized PRSWHR,2 mean (95% CI) | 1.2e−09 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.2) | 0.0 (−0.1, 0.1) | 0.4 |
1
Differences between men and women, P values, were determined by the adjusted Wald test for continuous variables and Pearson χ2 test for categorical variables and corrected for the clustering of twin pairs by survey methods. PRS, polygenic risk score; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.
2
Sample size smaller due to missing genotypes. Overall sample size for WC and abdominal obesity n = 3832; overall sample size for standardized PRSBMI and standardized PRSWHRn = 949.