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. 2020 Oct 1;21:52. doi: 10.1186/s12865-020-00381-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Significant correlations between cytokines and spirometric data or cells in the COPD patients with the history of smoking. a: Correlation between FEV1 and sCD40L; r = -0.342, p = 0.044. b: Correlation between FEV1 and IL-1α; r = -0.314, p = 0.046. c: Correlation between FEV1 and IL-1β; r = -0.536, p = 0.0009. d: Correlation between sCD40L and FEV/FVC; r = -0.571, p = 0.003. e: Correlation between IL-1α and FEV/FVC; r = -0.227, p = 0.039. f: Correlation between IL-1β and FEV/FVC; r = -0.621, p < 0.0001. g: Correlation between IL-1α and clinical stage; r = 0.295, p = 0.045. h: Correlation between clinical stage and IL-1β; r = 0.384, p = 0.022. i: Correlation between sCD40L and neutrophils ; r = 0.531, p = 0.004. j: Correlation between IL-1β and neutrophils; r = 0.406, p = 0.036. k: Correlation between IL-1α and lymphocytes; r = 0.383, p = 0.025. l: Correlation between sCD40L and monocytes; r = 0.334, p = 0.047. Legend: FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second. FVC: forced vital capacity. IL: interleukin. sCD40L: soluble cluster differentiation 40 ligand. r = Coefficient of correlation: - When r is positive, this means that the concentration of cytokine and the values of spirometric data (or the concentration of cells) vary in the same direction. - When r is negative, this means that the concentration of cytokine and the value of spirometric data (or concentration of cells) vary in the opposite direction. p = significance threshold: - If p is greater than 0.05, the correlation is not significantly different. - If p is less than or equal to 0.05, the correlation is statistically significant