Table 4.

Multilevel regression models for transport-related physical activity (PA)

	Logistic Regression(1) Any transport-related PA (0 = <10 min/week, 1 ≥ 10 min/week)		Linear Regression(2) Non-zero reported transport-related PA LOG10 (min/week) within participants with min/week ≥10
	OR (95%CI)	p	β (95%CI)	p
Independent variables
Land use mix-diversity (score 1–5) (3)	0.93 (0.86,1.01)	0.067	0.119 (0.036,0.192)	0.025
Land use mix-access (score 1–4) (3)	1.40 (1.22,1.61)	< 0.001	−0.003 (−0.032,0.026)	0.855
Walking/cycling facilities (score 1–4) (3)	1.06 (0.96,1.16)	0.270	−0.001 (− 0.021,0.019)	0.923
Aesthetics (score 1–4) (3)	1.02 (0.93,1.11)	0.714	0.028 (0.010,0.046)	0.003
Safety from crime (score 1–4) (3)	1.07 (0.97,1.19)	0.176	0.123 (0.044,0.181)	0.037
Proximity of public open spaces (score 1–5) (4)	1.00 (0.94,1.06)	0.898	0.003 (−0.009,0.016)	0.594
Proximity of shopping centers (4)	1.01 (0.96,1.06)	0.621	0.011 (0.001,0.021)	0.037
Street connectivity items (5)
The streets in my neighbourhood do not have many cul-de-sacs (dead-end streets).	0.97 (0.91,1.03)	0.330	−0.001 (−0.014,0.011)	0.844
The distance between intersections in my neighbourhood is usually short (100 yards or less; the length of a football field or less).	0.99 (0.93,1.06)	0.838	−0.008 (− 0.023,0.006)	0.252
There are many alternative routes for getting from place to place in my neighbourhood. (I don’t have to go the same way every time.)	1.12 (1.04,1.20)	0.004	0.009 (−0.007,0.025)	0.249
Safety from traffic items (5)
There is so much traffic along nearby streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighbourhood (reversed).	0.99 (0.92,1.06)	0.706	0.007 (−0.007,0.021)	0.318
The speed of traffic on most nearby streets is usually slow (50 km/h or less).	1.19 (1.03,1.35)	0.002	0.001 (−0.013,0.015)	0.927
Most drivers exceed the posted speed limits while driving in my neighbourhood (reversed).	1.09 (1.03,1.15)	0.017	0.002 (−0.012,0.017)	0.765
There are crosswalks and pedestrian signals to help walkers cross busy streets in my neighbourhood.	0.95 (0.89,1.02)	0.134	0.020 (0.007,0.033)	0.003

OR odds ratio, β regression coefficient, CI confidence interval

⁽¹⁾Multilevel logistic regression model (country as 2nd level) with transport-related physical activity time (0 = <10 min/week, 1 ≥ 10 min/week) as dependent variable, adjusted for sex, age, and socioeconomic level

⁽²⁾Multilevel linear regression model (country as 2nd level) with transport-related physical activity time (LOG10 (min/week)) as dependent variable in participants with transport-related physical activity ≥10 min/week, adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic level

⁽³⁾higher scores indicate perception of higher land use mix-diversity, higher land use mix-access, more walking/cycling facilities, better aesthetics, and more safety from crime

⁽⁴⁾higher scores indicate greater proximity

⁽⁵⁾4-point scale: strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), agree (3), strongly agree (4)