Table 2.

Notable crash mechanisms

Region of body	Notable mechanism(s)	Crash type
Head	Head-leading collisions	Topside/highside
Upper extremity: shoulder girdle	Direct vertical impact	Collision
Upper extremity: wrist	Motorcycle radius	Topside/highside
Upper extremity: hand	Motorcycle thumb	Collision
Pelvic ring	Fuel tank injuries	Collision
Lower extremity: femur, tibia, fibula	Limb entrapment	Lowside
Lower extremity: heel	Tyre-spoke injury	Lowside
Lower extremity: foot	Crash modifying hyperdorsiflexion manoeuvre	Lowside