TABLE 3.

Traction models for the study of visceral pain

Animals	Traction on	Purpose of the study	Findings	References
Rat	Mesentery	Comparison of noxious mechanical and chemical stimulation of the mesentery	The measurement of the cardiovascular and gastric responses of anaesthetized rats to traction on the mesentery is a suitable method to investigate acute visceral nociception	Holzer‐Petsche and Brodacz 81
Dog	Ovary, ovarian ligament	Study of visceral pain by stimulating the ovarian ligament	The ovarian stimulation model is an adequate and repeatable means of producing visceral stimulation to determine MAC	Boscan et al 6
Dog	Ovary, ovarian ligament	Determination of the anesthetic‐sparing effect of maropitant, a neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, during noxious visceral stimulation of the ovary and ovarian ligament in dogs	Decrease in the sevoflurane MAC requirement during ovary and ovarian ligament stimulation after intravenous administration of maropitant	Boscan et al 82
Cat	Ovary, ovarian ligament	Investigation of antinociceptive effects of maropitant and to determine the MAC sparing effect of this drug in cats during visceral noxious stimulus	Intravenous administration of maropitant reduced the sevoflurane requirements	Niyom 20
Goat	Ileocecal ligament with TNBS induced ileitis	Quantification of the intensity of visceral pain using ileocecal ligament traction on an inflamed ileum in goats	The traction force correlated positively with pain‐behavior responses and provoked an apparent, stable, and reproducible ileum‐derived pain	Janyaro et al 7

Abbreviations: MAC, minimum alveolar concentration; NK‐1, neurokinin‐1.