Table 1.

Key factors for industries to overcome the impacts of COVID-19 and to make positive contributions to more sustainable, equitable, post-COVID-19, post fossil carbon societies.

S No.	Factors	Discussion	Sub factors
1.	Economics, trade and commerce	Efforts to revive the industries can be made through banks and special financial aid packages provided by Government	•Support to industries & customers extended through banks •Additional loans are required for enabling MSMEs and stressed sectors for overcoming the loss of businesses •National economic and investment policies are to be favoured •Emphasis should be on the creation of supply-chains integrated within geographical boundaries
2.	IT preparedness	Advanced IT infrastructure commensurate to new needs	•IT infrastructure and its reach •Capacity-building for updating industrial technologies •Improved training of the workforce and ensuring its availability •The customised facility, latest technologies & cyber security tools for MSMEs
3.	Roles of governance	Roles of governance is paramount for the revival of industries in post-COVID-19	•Provide Economic stimulus packages to provide low-cost money to industries to help them to restart •Targeted social security programmes for those below the poverty line •Close cooperation of Government and industry to improve efficiency and resilience of production and supply chain management issues •Measures are to be adopted to ensure demand for locally produced products, i.e. produced in India •Strong and quick decision-making and effective implementation of the selected approaches •New norms for personal Hygiene and sanitation •New healthcare norms
4.	Supply chain and logistics	Facilitate the barrier-free movements of goods and services so that timely delivery can be accomplished within the country. The focus should be to overcome intra-country barriers.	•Smooth movement of goods and services across all supply chains •Smooth movement of workers should be a priority •Smooth movement of essential goods •Comprehensive and excellent quality healthcare facility to be provided
5.	Industry protocol	New norms which have to be followed by industries to facilitate the restart and resilience in the likelihood of similar or far worse crises.	•The safe return of workers to the workplace •Organise standard operating procedures on modes to commute that will allow social distancing •Shift management •Flexible production size •Workers safety and health to be the paramount agenda •Transparency •Welfare scheme and its effective implementation
6.	Environmental issues	Drastic reduction in pollution level is observed, i.e. the planet revives with no humans into play	•New environmental assessment models and norms •Pollution is made from industrial production and mankind consumption level has been reduced. •Newer energy sources, renewable sources of energy •Energy-efficient devices to be used
7.	Capacity building	Capacity building helps in easy incorporation of the technology	•Industries must focus on realignment, retraining and re-skilling of their employees •Digitisation, automation and artificial intelligence will have to be accelerated in every stream. Hands-on training on automation and artificial intelligence is required so that the future of societies is secured. Jobs under MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) should be increased so that the workers who have returned to their home towns can also obtain employment.
8.	Change management	Stakeholders to be prepared mentally and trained to take the new normal	•The morale of the workers should be boosted by giving them assurance that their health is the priority of the company; by removing the fear of the disease and by providing them a liveable wage, even when the company is temporarily ‘closed.’ •Training for the “new normal” •Psychological issues and management •Awareness to be created amongst individuals on the importance of maintaining hygiene •Safety of the consumers is to be ensured
9.	Organisational culture	Change management facilitates effective implementation of the efforts taken by the government	•Organisational should coalesce as a team for sailing through this complex environment •Wearing the masks has to be made compulsory inside the premises •Proper hygiene in the toilet area and near the work area is to be ensured •The regular medical check-up should be conducted inside the premises of the industries •The commitment of the top management to ensure the safety & well-being of the workforce which includes all of the workers in reverse and forward supply chains.