TABLE 1.
Cohort characteristic and variables analyzed for oral microbiome composition
| Parametera | Overall value |
|---|---|
| No. of participants | 1,214 |
| Rural/urban [no. (%)] | |
| Urban | 1,050 (86.5) |
| Rural | 126 (10.4) |
| NA | 38 (3.1) |
| Province [no. (%)] | |
| New Brunswick | 124 (10.2) |
| Nova Scotia | 1,070 (88.1) |
| Prince Edward Island | 16 (1.3) |
| NA | Data repressed |
| Economic region (no.) | |
| Annapolis Valley | 52 |
| Cape Breton | 142 |
| Edmundston–Woodstock | Data repressed |
| Fredericton–Oromocto | 44 |
| Halifax | 773 |
| Moncton–Richibucto | 32 |
| North Shore | 41 |
| Prince Edward Island | 16 |
| Saint John–St. Stephen | 45 |
| Southern Shore | 28 |
| Sex [no. (%)] | |
| Female | 846 (69.7) |
| Male | 368 (30.3) |
| BMI [mean (SD)] | 27.30 (4.55) |
| Waist size [cm; mean (SD)] | 90.96 (12.79) |
| Hip size [cm; mean (SD)] | 104.29 (9.45) |
| Waist-hip ratio [mean (SD)] | 0.87 (0.08) |
| Height (cm; mean [SD]) | 167.06 (8.90) |
| Weight (kg; mean [SD]) | 76.39 (14.99) |
| Age (yr; mean [SD]) | 55.39 (7.80) |
| Fat mass [kg; mean (SD)] | 25.26 (9.55) |
| Fat-free mass [kg; mean (SD)] | 51.05 (10.87) |
| Body fat percentage [mean (SD)] | 32.68 (8.61) |
| Vegetable servings [mean (SD)] | 2.56 (1.98) |
| Fruit servings [mean (SD)] | 2.00 (1.45) |
| Juice servings [mean (SD)] | 0.69 (0.95) |
| Whole grain servings [mean (SD)] | 2.11 (1.43) |
| Refined grain servings [mean (SD)] | 0.67 (0.86) |
| Milk product servings [mean (SD)] | 2.04 (1.29) |
| Egg servings per wk [mean (SD)] | 3.25 (2.68) |
| Meat/poultry servings [mean (SD)] | 1.53 (1.35) |
| Fish servings [mean (SD)] | 0.51 (0.67) |
| Tofu servings [mean (SD)] | 0.04 (0.18) |
| Bean servings [mean (SD)] | 0.36 (0.55) |
| Nut/seed servings [mean (SD)] | 0.69 (0.68) |
| Dessert frequency [no. (%)] | |
| Never | 109 (9.0) |
| >1 time a mo | 153 (12.6) |
| ∼1 time a mo | 228 (18.8) |
| 2–3 times a mo | 173 (14.3) |
| 1 time a wk | 85 (7.0) |
| 2–3 times a wk | 115 (9.5) |
| 4–5 times a wk | 58 (4.8) |
| 6–7 times a wk | 169 (13.9) |
| NA | 124 (10.2) |
| Avoidance of particular foods [no. (%)] | |
| Never | 853 (70.3) |
| Often | 11 (0.9) |
| Prefer not to answer | 15 (1.2) |
| Rarely | 163 (13.4) |
| Sometimes | 52 (4.3) |
| NA | 120 (9.9) |
| Oil on bread [no. (%)] | |
| Butter | 371 (30.6) |
| Low-fat margarine | 272 (22.4) |
| Full-fat margarine | 300 (24.7) |
| None | 109 (9.0) |
| Olive oil | 36 (3.0) |
| NA | 126 (10.4) |
| Artificial sweeteners [no. (%)] | |
| Almost never | 976 (80.4) |
| About 1/4 of the time | 24 (2.0) |
| About 1/2 of the time | 16 (1.3) |
| About 3/4 of the time | 12 (1.0) |
| Almost always or always | 53 (4.4) |
| NA | 133 (11.0) |
| Nondiet soda frequency [no. (%)] | |
| 0 days a wk | 432 (35.6) |
| 1–3 days per mo | 459 (37.8) |
| 1–5 days a wk | 167 (13.8) |
| 6–7 days a wk | 27 (2.2) |
| NA | 129 (10.6) |
| Diet sugar drink frequency [no. (%)] | |
| 0 days a wk | 513 (42.3) |
| 1–3 days per mo | 356 (29.3) |
| 1–5 days a wk | 156 (12.9) |
| 6–7 days a wk | 57 (4.7) |
| NA | 132 (10.9) |
| Soy/fish sauce usage [no. (%)] | |
| Never at the table | 424 (34.9) |
| Rarely at the table | 441 (36.3) |
| Sometimes at the table | 217 (17.9) |
| At most meals of eating occasions | 9 (0.7) |
| NA | 123 (10.1) |
| Salt seasoning [no. (%)] | |
| Never | 368 (30.3) |
| Rarely | 347 (28.6) |
| Sometimes | 219 (18.0) |
| Most meals | 157 (12.9) |
| NA | 123 (10.1) |
| Fast food frequency [no. (%)] | |
| Never | 149 (12.3) |
| >1 time per mo | 384 (31.6) |
| 1–3 times per mo | 366 (30.1) |
| 1–6 times per wk | 191 (15.7) |
| 1 or more times per day | Data repressed |
| NA | 122 (10.0) |
| Alcohol frequency [no. (%)] | |
| Never | 61 (5.0) |
| >1 time a mo | 192 (15.8) |
| ∼1 time a mo | 70 (5.8) |
| 2–3 times a mo | 171 (14.1) |
| 1 time a wk | 170 (14.0) |
| 2–3 times a wk | 259 (21.3) |
| 4–5 times a wk | 127 (10.5) |
| 6–7 times a wk | 112 (9.2) |
| NA | 52 (4.3) |
| Education level [no. (%)] | |
| High school or below | 208 (17.1) |
| Non-Bachelors postsecondary | 425 (35.0) |
| Bachelors | 334 (27.5) |
| Graduate | 242 (19.9) |
| NA | Data repressed |
| Income [no. (%)] | |
| Below $25,000 CAD | 41 (3.4) |
| $25,000–$49,999 CAD | 157 (12.9) |
| $50,000–$74,999 CAD | 244 (20.1) |
| $75,000–$99,999 CAD | 244 (20.1) |
| $100,000–$149,999 CAD | 291 (24.0) |
| Greater than $150,000 CAD | 179 (14.7) |
| NA | 58 (4.8) |
| Sleeping trouble frequency [no. (%)] | |
| None | 104 (8.6) |
| Rarely | 411 (33.9) |
| Some of the time | 507 (41.8) |
| Most of the time | 161 (13.3) |
| All the time | 25 (2.1) |
| NA | Data repressed |
| Last dental visit [no. (%)] | |
| >6 mo ago | 851 (70.1) |
| 6 mo to >1 yr ago | 221 (18.2) |
| 1 yr to >2 yr ago | 56 (4.6) |
| 2 yrs to >3 yr ago | 17 (1.4) |
| 3 or more yr ago | 24 (2.0) |
| NA | 45 (3.7) |
| Sleeping light exposure [no. (%)] | |
| Virtually no light | 561 (46.2) |
| Some light | 613 (50.5) |
| A lot of light | 36 (3.0) |
| NA | Data repressed |
| DNA extraction batch [no. (%)] | |
| Extraction.1 | 85 (7.0) |
| Extraction.10 | 66 (5.4) |
| Extraction.11 | 80 (6.6) |
| Extraction.12 | 78 (6.4) |
| Extraction.13 | 85 (7.0) |
| Extraction.14 | 57 (4.7) |
| Extraction.15 | 79 (6.5) |
| Extraction.16 | 0 (0.0) |
| Extraction.17 | 67 (5.5) |
| Extraction.2 | 85 (7.0) |
| Extraction.3 | 81 (6.7) |
| Extraction.4 | 68 (5.6) |
| Extraction.5 | 85 (7.0) |
| Extraction.6 | 92 (7.6) |
| Extraction.7 | 85 (7.0) |
| Extraction.8 | 60 (4.9) |
| Extraction.9 | 61 (5.0) |
a
NA represents responses of prefer not to answer or missing data. CAD, Canadian dollars.