Fig. 1.

Regulation of signaling pathways and transcription factors associated with cancer metabolism by ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Aberrant activation of signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT-mTORC1, loss of tumor suppressive transcription factors like p53 and activation of oncogenic transcription factors like c-Myc control cancer metabolism. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination indirectly regulate cancer metabolism by modulating these signaling molecules and transcription factors. The ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in red font positively regulate the activity or expression level of substrate proteins. The ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in blue font negatively regulate the activity or expression level of substrate proteins. AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; mTORC1, mTOR complex 1; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex