Table 2.
BDNF release from astrocytes
| Site | Ref. | Species/type of preparation | Method | Release stimulus | Pharmacology/molecular mechanism/time course of BDNF release |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saha et al. 2006 | Rat, astrocytic cultures | ELISA | TNF-alpha | ||
| Jean et al. 2008 | Rat, basal forebrain astrocytic culture | Western blot, ELISA | Glutamate (100 μM for 10 min) | ||
| ACPD (10 μM for 10 min) | Reduced by: U73122 (PLC inhibitor); 2ABP (IP3 inhibitor); BAPTA-AM | ||||
| Baumbauer et al. 2009 | Rat | TrkB IgG | Tailshock | ||
| Hutchinson et al. 2009 | Human Astrocytoma cells | ELISA | Prostaglandin E2 (> 0.1 μM for 24 h) | Reduced by: H-89 (PKA inhibitor) | |
| butaprost (10 μM for 24 h-EP2 selective agonist) | Reduced by: H-89 (PKA inhibitor) | ||||
| Forskolin (10 μM for 24 h) | |||||
| Giralt et al. 2010 | Mouse, astrocytic cultures | ELISA | TNF-alpha | ||
| Hou et al. 2011 | Mouse, astrocytic cultures | ELISA | Aβ42 oligomers (30 μM for 48 h) | ||
| Gimenez-Cassina et al. 2012 | SH-SY5Y neuro-blastoma cell | ELISA | Inhibition of GSK3 (24 h) | ||
| Su et al. 2012 | Rat, cortical primary astrocytes | ELISA | Progesterone (P4) (0.1 nM for 18 h) | Reduced after siRNA against progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc-1) | |
| Zhang et al. 2012 | Rat, primary astrocytes | ELISA | Resveratrol (100 μM, 24 h) | ||
| Hong et al. 2016 | HD mice, primary astrocytic cultures; brain slices | ELISA | Elevated K+ |
Reduced BDNF release in htt expressing cultures Reduced amount of docked BDNF-containing vesicles in htt expressing cultures –> rescued after Rab3a overexpression Increased BDNF release in Rab3a overexpressing cultures Reduced association between Rab3-GAP1 and Rab3a by mHtt |
|
| Sun et al. 2016 | Rat; C6 glioma cells; SH-SY5Y neuro-blastoma cell | Western blot | Progesterone | Increases the ratio of mature to pro-BDNF released from glia ➔ Reduced after siRNA against progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc-1) | |
| Sen et al. 2017 | Human primary astrocytes | Western blot | ApoE3 + cholesterol (4 h) | Predominantly release of proBDNF | |
| ApoE2 + cholesterol (4 h) | Predominantly release of mBDNF | ||||
| Basal release | Not affected by ApoE4 + cholesterol or cholesterol | ||||
| Vignoli and Canossa 2017 | Cortical astrocytic cultures | ELISA | Elevated K+ | ||
| Glutamate | |||||
| ATP | |||||
| Datta et al. 2018 | Astrocytic culture from forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain | ELISA | OHDA | Reduced by L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) | |
| Stahlberg et al. 2018 | Astrocytic cultures | BDNF-mRFP | Neuronal BDNF-mRFP is endocytosed by astrocytes via TrkB-receptor and is sorted to rab7-positive late endosomal compartment and LAMP1-positive lysosomal compartment | ||
| Su et al. 2019 | Rat, primary culture of Schwann cells | ELISA | TNF (3 h) |
Reduced by 5 BDBD (P2x4R antagonist); TNP-ATP (P2x1-4R antagonist) Not affected by PPADS (P2x1,2,3,5,7 antagonist) |
|
| Release from microglia | |||||
| Ref. | Species/type of preparation | Method | Release stimulus | Pharmacology/molecular mechanism/time course | |
| Nakajima et al. 2002 | Rat, primary microglial culture | Western blot | C8-ceramide (16 h) or LPS (16 h) | Reduced by bisindolylmaleimide (PKC inhibitor) | |
| Coull et al. 2005 | Rat, primary microglial cultures | ELISA | ATP (10 μM for 5 h) | Reduced by TNP-ATP (P2X receptor inhibitor) | |
| Hutchinson et al. 2009 | Human microglial cells; ELISA | Prostaglandin E2 (> 0.1 μM for 24 h) | Reduced by H-89 (PKA inhibitor) | ||
| Butaprost (10 μM for 24 h-EP2 selective agonist) | Reduced by H-89 (PKA inhibitor) | ||||
| Forskolin (24 h) | |||||
| Trang et al. 2009 | Rat, primary microglial culture | ELISA | ATP (50 μM for 5–300 min) |
Reduced by: calcium-free solution; siRNA for P2X4A; TNP-ATP (P2x1-4R blocker); SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) Not affected by: thapsigargine; transcriptional inhibitor; translational inhibitor |
|
| ATP (50 μM for 60 min) |
Reduced by: calcium-free solution; siRNA for P2X4A; TNP-ATP (P2x1-4R blocker); SB203580 (P38MAPK inhibitor); transcriptional inhibitor, translational inhibitor Not affected by: thapsigargine |
||||
| Gomes et al. 2013 | Murine N9 microglial cells | ELISA | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL for 6 h) | Reduced by: SCH58261 (adenosine A2A receptor antagonist); adenosine deaminase; H-89 (PKA antagonist); forskolin; 8-Br-cGMP | |
| CGS21680 (30 nM for 6H-A2AR agonist) | Reduced by: SCH58261 (adenosine A2A receptor antagonist); LPS | ||||
| Forskolin (1 μM) | Reduced by: LPS | ||||
| 8 Br-cAMP (5 μM) | Reduced by: LPS | ||||
| Chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor) | Not affected by: LPS | ||||
| Ferrini et al. 2013 | Rat, primary microglial culture | ELISA | Morphine (100 nM every day for 5 days) | Reduced by naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) | |
| Zhou et al. 2019 | Cultured spinal cord slice | ELISA | CSF1 (6 h) | Reduced by SB 203580 (p38 MAPK antagonist) | |
| Long et al. 2020 | BV2 microglial culture | ELISA | ATP (120 min) | Reduced by: 5 BDBD (P2x4A antagonist); SB203580 (p38 MAPK antagonist) | |
| Zhou et al. 2020 | Mouse; primary microglial cultures | ELISA | IL-4 (12 h) | Reduced by HA-TPSO (fusion construct of translocator protein (TPSO); FGIN-1-27 (TPSO agonist) | |
List of references for astrocytic and microglial release of BDNF (abbreviations: please see table legend of Table 1)