Table 3 –

Reported use of electronics just before bedtime

Age (N)	Sex (N)	Reported devices in bedroom	Reported activity with devices	Perceived disruption	Time spent with device immediately before sleep	Perceived facilitative role	Illustrative Quotes
12 (1)	Female (1)	Phone	Edit videos; chat with friends	Not affected by phone light	1 hour
13 (4)	Male (1)	Phone	Watch YouTube; play video games	Phone is distracting	30 minutes
	Female (3)	Phone, laptop, one person not allowed devices in bedroom	Laptop for homework; social media; Netflix	Notifications are distracting, but 2 respondents not affected by phones	30 minutes	Phone facilitates tiredness	“I stay on it till like, I can’t anymore. My mom makes me put my phone up like, in her room, so I don’t have it at night.”
							“I think it doesn’t help me out when I go to sleep, because I want to be on it more. Like, instead of sleeping, I will want to be on it.”
14 (11)	Male (7)	Phone, laptop, tablet, game consoles	Laptop for homework; social media	Two were not distracted by phone use, but one mentioned notifications as disruptive	1–2 hours	Laptop facilitates tiredness	“I don’t think it affects me, because I’m just like, on YouTube before I go to sleep. And I still fall asleep like, pretty fast without having trouble fall asleep.”
							“My videogames or like my PC doesn’t affect me. But the one thing I probably would say affects me is probably my phone and my iPad, because every time I get a notification, I either want to look at it just to see what it is, or I want to just maybe look at it just to see what is it. Sometimes I’ll look at it, but other times, I’ll just ignore it and just try to sleep.”
							“I feel like it’s just like more time for me to get tired while I’m just doing those things.”
	Female (4)	Phone, laptop	Laptop for homework; social media; games with family; listen to music	Phone and notifications are distracting	30 minutes to 1 hour	Phone facilitates falling asleep	“My laptop is usually on my bed. And then my phone and/or tablet on my dresser. Sometimes I sleep with my phone down. I would put my phone in the kitchen. It’s very rarely in my room when I’m sleeping. It’s usually plugged in in the kitchen.
15 (6)	Male (4)	Phone, game consoles	Play video games with little brother; listen to music	Phone light is unpleasant			“I barely use it [my phone], because of my grades. But most of the time when I have it, I just put music on right before I go to sleep with it.”
	Female (2)	Phone, tablet	Social media	Not affected by phone light; social media engagement delays sleep	20 minutes, but one respondent does not use phone before bed due to parental rule	Watching videos facilitate falling asleep	“I feel like it’s like a distraction. It like helps my mind like rest, like get more tired.”
							“If I do [use them before sleep] I’ll get distracted and I won’t go to sleep. Because on my tablet I read some books, so like if I read my books on my tablet, like I’ll get so concentrated on it that I forget the time and then I forget I need to go to sleep. And when I’m done and I look at the time, I realize that it’s late and then I have to go to sleep.”
16 (4)	Male (2)	Phone, game consoles, radio	Texting, play video games, listen to music	Phone texting is disruptive, as well as staying up late playing video games	30 minutes	Phone facilitates tiredness	“I would say I get distracted off my phone, because like I’ll be texting someone, or I’ll be texting friends and then like I kind of want to say good night, but then they’re telling something serious or something is going on, and I don’t want to feel bad, so I’m like, “Okay, keep going.””
							“When it comes to sleep, I want to say—with my girlfriend, me and her stay up late. So we’ll be texting. We’ll be playing Minecraft at like 12:00 or 1:00. I have like a separate phone that I play with at night.”
							“We talk about like if anything is bothering us. Then I think after that, that’s usually when we feel a little bit more connected and close, and then we’ll go knock out. I think it’s really cool that I do that with them. That’s why I have problems staying up like on my phone, because it’s usually at night where we kind of talk about personal stuff.”
	Female (2)	Phone, game consoles	Play video games, watch YouTube	None mentioned	Right before bed time, but one respondent does not use before bed due to parental rule	Phone facilitates going to sleep	“I know it’s bad, but…”
							“Yeah, it does [help me] because I like to watch videos on my phone and then it helps me sleep at times.”
							“My 3DS is just a little game console. I’ll play that sometimes in the night if I’m bored of watching YouTube. But that’s sometimes. I usually always just watch YouTube. I like hearing stories or I like hearing stuff like to fall asleep to. I can’t just sleep in the dark, no nothing, I can’t. That’s not me. I have to have like stuff going on for me to fall asleep. So like I’ll put a video on, I won’t even watch it. I’ll just like put it on the side, just listen to whoever’s talking on the video and I’ll eventually fall asleep.”
							“I don’t use it all night, because my mom kind of monitors my screen time. My mom has rules since I’m still like under her rules. I usually put my phone with her in her room, and so I don’t really get distracted by my phone.”