Table 3.
Results of Multivariable Models Predicting Total Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), PTG Domains and Posttraumatic Stress (PTS) (N = 1574)
| PTG-Total | PTG-AL | PTG-NP | PTG-RO | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | |
| Intercept | 27.62 (2.18)*** | 5.19 (0.49)*** | 4.20 (0.55)*** | 5.71 (0.50)*** |
| Demographic covariates | ||||
| Age at time of “worst” traumatic event | −.03 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Marital status at time of “worst” traumatic event | ||||
| Married | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Event prior to baseline | 1.29 (1.11) | 0.40 (0.25) | 0.44 (0.28) | 0.19 (0.26) |
| Never married | −2.18 (1.59) | −0.35 (0.36) | −0.51 (0.40) | −0.40 (0.37) |
| Divorced, separated or widowed | −0.06 (1.40) | 0.39 (0.32) | 0.16 (0.35) | −0.20 (0.32) |
| Missing marital status | −1.41 (1.86) | −0.33 (0.42) | −0.46 (0.47) | −0.02 (0.43) |
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | −0.45 (4.38) | 0.11 (0.99) | −0.82 (1.10) | −0.67 (1.01) |
| Asian | −0.12 (4.10) | 1.13 (0.93) | 0.47 (1.03) | −0.51 (0.95) |
| Other | 2.59 (2.01) | 0.64 (0.46) | −0.09 (0.50) | 0.74 (0.47) |
| Household income | ||||
| $49,999 and below | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| $50,000-$74,999 | −0.41 (1.00) | −0.05 (0.23) | >−0.01 (0.25) | 0.07 (0.23) |
| $75,000-$99,999 | 0.20 (1.05) | 0.23 (0.24) | <0.01 (0.26) | 0.19 (0.24) |
| $100,000-$149,999 | −1.15 (1.04) | −0.03 (0.24) | −0.12 (0.26) | 0.02 (0.24) |
| $150,000 and above | −1.49 (1.20) | −0.01 (0.27) | −0.24 (0.30) | −0.09 (0.28) |
| Missing income | 1.01 (1.28) | 0.17 (0.29) | 0.20 (0.32) | 0.14 (0.30) |
| PTS | 0.20 (0.02)*** | 0.04 (0.01)*** | 0.05 (0.01)*** | 0.02 (0.01)*** |
| PTG-Total | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| F(5,1568) | F(5,1568) | F(5,1568) | F(5,1568) | |
| Worst lifetime traumatic event | 13.40*** | 13.51*** | 14.68*** | 17.69*** |
| PTG-PS | PTG-SC | PTG | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | B (SE) | B (SE) | |
| Intercept | 6.57 (0.49)*** | 5.94 (0.62)*** | 28.97 (2.25)*** |
| Demographic covariates | |||
| Age at time of “worst” traumatic event | −0.02 (0.01)* | −0.02 (0.01)* | −0.04 (0.04) |
| Marital status at time of “worst” traumatic event | |||
| Married | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Event prior to baseline | 0.26 (0.25) | −0.01 (0.32) | −1.72 (1.15) |
| Never married | −0.06 (0.36) | −0.85 (0.46) | −0.95 (1.65) |
| Divorced, separated or widowed | 0.05 (0.31) | −0.45 (0.40) | 0.62 (1.44) |
| Missing marital status | −0.26 (0.42) | −0.35 (0.53) | 0.58 (1.92) |
| Race | |||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | −0.16 (0.99) | 1.10 (1.25) | 4.35 (4.53) |
| Asian | −0.36 (0.92) | −0.84 (1.17) | −1.56 (4.24) |
| Other | 0.46 (0.45) | 0.83 (0.58) | 0.29 (2.08) |
| Household income | |||
| $49,999 and below | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| $50,000-$74,999 | −0.06 (0.23) | −0.37 (0.29) | −1.76 (1.04) |
| $75,000-$99,999 | 0.10 (0.24) | −0.33 (0.30) | −2.92 (1.08)** |
| $100,000-$149,999 | −0.13 (0.23) | −0.88 (0.30)** | −1.92 (1.08) |
| $150,000 and above | −0.25 (0.27) | −0.90 (0.34)** | −3.27 (1.24)** |
| Missing income | <0.01 (0.29) | −0.50 (0.37) | −3.82 (1.32)** |
| PTS | 0.04 (0.01)*** | 0.04 (0.01)*** | -- |
| PTG-Total | -- | -- | 0.21 (0.03)*** |
| F(5,1568) | F(5,1568) | F(5,1568) | |
| Worst lifetime traumatic event | 6.82*** | 7.74*** | 25.87*** |
Note. AL=Appreciation of Life; NP=New Possibilities; RO=Relating to Others; PS=Personal Strength; SC=Spiritual Change. Total PTG scores range from 0–50, and each PTG domain ranges from 0–10, with higher scores indicating greater PTG. PTS ranges from 17–85 with higher scores indicating more severe PTS.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001