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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 14.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2020 Mar 27:10.1038/s41390-020-0852-3. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-0852-3

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

2’-FL and 6’-SL but not lactose inhibits TLR4 signaling. ai-ii TLR4 expression in mouse and piglet models of necrotizing enterocolitis, bi-ii TLR4 and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels in mouse model of LPS-endotoxemia alone or 1h pre-treated (oral gavage) with 2’-FL and 6’-SL, ci-ii, TLR4 expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α expression in embryonic (embryonic day 18.5, e18.5) intestinal tissue ex-vivo, di-ii TLR4 and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels in resected human intestinal tissue obtained at time of NEC stoma closure surgery, treated with LPS, lactose, 2’-FL, and 6’-SL HMOs. **P<0·01, *** P<0·001, each dot in dot-graphs represents data from each individual sample.