Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics of participants (n = 44) by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) status.
| Mean (SD) or n [%] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 44) | PAD+T2DM (n = 19) | PAD (n = 25) | p+ |
| Age (years) | 72.3 (7.1) | 72.1 (8.8) | 72.5 (5.7) | .846 |
| Sex (female) | 21 [47.7] | 7 [36.8] | 14 [56.0] | .208 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 40 [90.9] | 17 [89.5] | 23 [92.0] | .585† |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 (5.8) | 30.5 (6.3) | 27.1 (5.0) | .050 |
| Marital Status | .471^ | |||
| Single | 3 [7.0] | 2 [10.5] | 1 [4.2] | |
| Married/living with partner | 28 [65.1] | 10 [52.6] | 18 [75.0] | |
| Divorced | 3 [7.0] | 2 [10.5] | 1 [4.2] | |
| Widowed | 9 [20.9] | 5 [26.3] | 4 [16.7] | |
| Education | .643^ | |||
| High school diploma or less | 10 [22.7] | 3 [15.8] | 7 [28.0] | |
| Some college | 23 [52.3] | 11 [57.9] | 12 [48.0] | |
| 4-year college degree | 5 [11.4] | 3 [15.8] | 2 [8.0] | |
| Graduate school | 6 [13.6] | 2 [10.5] | 4 [16.0] | |
| Employment status | .912^ | |||
| Full-time | 6 [13.6] | 3 [15.8] | 3 [12.0] | |
| Part-time | 2 [4.5] | 1 [5.3] | 1 [4.0] | |
| Retired | 36 [81.8] | 15 [78.9] | 21 [84.0] | |
| ABI (lower leg) | 0.71 (0.25) | 0.68 (0.27) | 0.73 (0.24) | .534 |
| Lower extremity revascularization (any) | 18 [40.9] | 8 [42.1] | 10 [40.0] | .888 |
| Percutaneous | 17 [38.6] | 7 [36.8] | 10 [40.0] | .831 |
| Bypass | 7 [15.9] | 3 [15.8] | 4 [16.0] | .657† |
| Amputation | 1 [2.3] | 1 [5.3] | 0 [0] | .432† |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 8 [18.2] | 4 [21.1] | 4 [16.0] | 1.000 |
| Current | 4 [9.1] | 1 [5.3] | 3 [12.0] | .415† |
| Former | 32 [72.7] | 14 [73.7] | 18 [72.0] | .622† |
| Pack years | 45.3 (28.7) | 46.5 (34.0) | 44.5 (25.2) | .850 |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Hypertension | 41 [93.2] | 18 [94.7] | 23 [92.0] | .604† |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 42 [95.5] | 17 [89.5] | 25 [100] | .181† |
| Coronary artery disease/MI | 24 [54.5] | 11 [57.9] | 13 [52.0] | .697 |
| Carotid endarterectomy | 6 [13.6] | 2 [10.5] | 4 [16.0] | .684† |
| Stroke/TIA | 5 [11.4] | 3 [15.8] | 2 [8.0] | .638† |
| COPD/Emphysema | 12 [27.3] | 7 [36.8] | 5 [20.0] | .214 |
| Osteoarthritis | 28 [63.6] | 12 [63.2] | 16 [64.0] | .954 |
| Comorbidity index (out of 8) | 3.6 (1.4) | 4.4 (1.2) | 3.0 (1.2) | .001 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Number of medications | 13.0 (5.4) | 14.0 (5.2) | 12.3 (5.6) | .331 |
| Current use of cilostazol/pentoxifylline | 9 [20.5] | 3 [15.8] | 6 [24.0] | .710† |
| Current use of metformin | 11 [25.0] | 11 [57.9] | 0 [0] | N/A |
Note.
+
t-test or Pearson chi-square as appropriate for continuous or categorical data, respectively.
†
Fisher’s Exact Test (expected cell counts less than 5).
^
Likelihood ratio.
ABI, ankle-brachial index; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PAD+T2DM, peripheral artery disease and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischemic attack