Fig. 5. Biophysical ambiguity as a hidden layer for phenotype prediction.

Mutations can alter multiple biophysical properties to cause the same observed change in a phenotype. For example, the P_R and P_RM phenotypes of mutations A and B in CI could be caused by many different changes in three free-energy terms. When these two mutations are combined, the double mutant can have a phenotype spanning nearly the entire phenotypic range, depending upon what the hidden parameter changes are in each single mutant. Source data are provided as a Source data file.