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. 2020 Oct 1;11:4834. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18424-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Potential ambient concentrations of isoprene-derived depositional ice nucleating particles (INPs) in a a tropical convective outflow system, and b typical low and mid-latitude environments. Cirrus altitudes are derived from temperature profiles during the flight campaigns. Data from a are derived from the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign over the Amazon⁵¹ and data from b are derived using single particle mass spectrometry results from the CR-AVE, PreAVE, and TC4 campaigns based in Costa Rica⁴⁷ The Pre-AVE campaign was also heavily influenced by Amazonian emissions⁵². For comparison, depositional INP concentrations typical of coastal marine environments⁵⁵, the Saharan air layer⁵⁴, and the continental²⁶ and marine⁵⁶ free troposphere are also included.