Table 1.
Mammalian phosphodiesterase isoforms, their cellular compartments and inhibitors
| PDE family | Isoforms | Substrate | Cellular compartment | Receptors | Inhibitor/drugs | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDE1 | PDE1A | cAMP/cGMP | Cytosolic | β2-AR | 8-methoxymethyl-IBMX; vinpocetine; nimodipine; IC86340; IC295; | [65–67] |
| PDE1B | ||||||
| PDE1C | ||||||
| PDE2 | PDE2A | cAMP/cGMP | Membrane or cytosolic, mitochondria | EP2 β2-AR | BAY 60-7550; PDP; EHNA; IC933; oxindole; ND-7001; | [55,68] |
| PDE3 | PDE3A | cAMP/cGMP | Membrane or cytosolic | β2-AR | Olprinone; cilostamide; milronone; cilostazol; milrinone; siguazodan; enoximone; motapizone; SK&F94120; org9935; | [26,69] |
| PDE3B | ||||||
| PDE4 | PDE4A | cAMP | Membrane or cytosolic | EP2 | Rolipram; roflumilast; cilomast; RP73401; Ro20–1724; CHF6001; GPD-1116; ASP3258; YM976; | [70–72] |
| PDE4B | ||||||
| PDE4C | ||||||
| PDE4D | ||||||
| PDE5 | PDE5A | cGMP | Cytosolic | β2-AR | Zaprinast; DMPPO; sildenafil; tadalafil; vardenafil; dipyridamole; E4021; avanafil; | [73] |
| PDE6 | PDE6A | cGMP | Cytosolic | β2-AR | Zaprinast; DMPPO; sildenafil; vardenafil; | [74] |
| PDE6B | ||||||
| PDE6C | ||||||
| PDE6D | ||||||
| PDE7 | PDE7A | cAMP | Cytosolic | β2-AR | BRL 50481; IC242; T-2585; compound 21a; | [75] |
| PDE7B | ||||||
| PDE8 | PDE8A | cAMP | Membrane or cytosolic, mitochondria | β2-AR | PF-4957325; dipyridamole; | [62•] |
| PDE8B | ||||||
| PDE9 | PDE9A | cGMP | Cytosolic or nuclear | β2-AR | BAY-73–6691; PF-04447943; | [76] |
| PDE10 | PDE10A | cAMP/cGMP | Cytosolic | β2-AR | Papaverine; TP-10; MP-10 (PF-2545920); | [77] |
| PDE11 | PDE11A | cAMP/cGMP | Cytosolic | β2-AR | BC11-38; | [78] |