. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 1;51:34–42. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.05.002

Table 1.

Mammalian phosphodiesterase isoforms, their cellular compartments and inhibitors

PDE family	Isoforms	Substrate	Cellular compartment	Receptors	Inhibitor/drugs	References
PDE1	PDE1A	cAMP/cGMP	Cytosolic	β₂-AR	8-methoxymethyl-IBMX; vinpocetine; nimodipine; IC86340; IC295;	[65–67]
	PDE1B
	PDE1C
PDE2	PDE2A	cAMP/cGMP	Membrane or cytosolic, mitochondria	EP2 β₂-AR	BAY 60-7550; PDP; EHNA; IC933; oxindole; ND-7001;	[55,68]
PDE3	PDE3A	cAMP/cGMP	Membrane or cytosolic	β₂-AR	Olprinone; cilostamide; milronone; cilostazol; milrinone; siguazodan; enoximone; motapizone; SK&F94120; org9935;	[26,69]
	PDE3B
PDE4	PDE4A	cAMP	Membrane or cytosolic	EP2	Rolipram; roflumilast; cilomast; RP73401; Ro20–1724; CHF6001; GPD-1116; ASP3258; YM976;	[70–72]
	PDE4B
	PDE4C
	PDE4D
PDE5	PDE5A	cGMP	Cytosolic	β₂-AR	Zaprinast; DMPPO; sildenafil; tadalafil; vardenafil; dipyridamole; E4021; avanafil;	[73]
PDE6	PDE6A	cGMP	Cytosolic	β₂-AR	Zaprinast; DMPPO; sildenafil; vardenafil;	[74]
	PDE6B
	PDE6C
	PDE6D
PDE7	PDE7A	cAMP	Cytosolic	β₂-AR	BRL 50481; IC242; T-2585; compound 21a;	[75]
	PDE7B
PDE8	PDE8A	cAMP	Membrane or cytosolic, mitochondria	β₂-AR	PF-4957325; dipyridamole;	[62^•]
	PDE8B
PDE9	PDE9A	cGMP	Cytosolic or nuclear	β₂-AR	BAY-73–6691; PF-04447943;	[76]
PDE10	PDE10A	cAMP/cGMP	Cytosolic	β₂-AR	Papaverine; TP-10; MP-10 (PF-2545920);	[77]
PDE11	PDE11A	cAMP/cGMP	Cytosolic	β₂-AR	BC11-38;	[78]