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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2020 May 25;147(10):2725–2734. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33043

TABLE 1.

Selected characteristics of CRC cases according to prediagnostic vitamin D status in the EPIC and CPS-II cohorts (n = 1281)

EPIC (n = 1043) CPS-II (n = 238) Pooled cohort (n = 1281)
25(OH)D, nmol/L 25(OH)D, nmol/L 25(OH)D, nmol/L
Characteristic <30 (deficient)
n = 331		 30 to <50 (insufficient)
n = 520		 ≥50 (sufficient) n = 192 <30 (deficient)
n = 35		 30 to <50 (insufficient)
n = 73		 ≥50 (sufficient)
n = 130		 <30 (deficient] n = 366 30 to <50 (insufficient)
n = 593		 ≥50 (sufficient)
n = 322		 Pa
Age at diagnosis, mean (SD), years 62.5 (7.4) 62.0 (7.5) 62.0 (6.8) 74.2 (5.9) 75.2 (5.7) 74.5 (5.7) 63.7 (8.0) 63.6 (8.5) 67.2 (8.9) <.0001
Women, % 59 49 41 69 55 57 60 50 43 <.0001
Stage, %
 I 23 29 20 40 45 45 25 31 30
 II 24 17 22 20 18 20 24 17 21
 III 31 32 32 31 25 19 31 31 27
 IV 10 10 11 9 8 14 9 10 12 .11
Tumor location, %
 Left colon 36 35 27 40 25 24 36 34 27
 Right colon 35 31 30 46 63 65 36 35 44
 Rectum 24 28 33 14 10 11 23 26 24 .08
Body-mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 27.0 (4.9) 26.8 (4.1) 26.0 (3.5) 29.0 (7.2) 26.8 (5.1) 25.5 (4.1) 27.2 (5.2) 26.8 (4.2) 25.8 (3.7) <.0001
Smoking status, %
 Never 44 42 35 40 42 49 44 41 41
 Former 23 37 43 57 45 42 27 38 43
 Current 31 22 22 3 4 3 28 20 15 <.0001
Physical activity quartilesb, %
 1 28 22 22 37 30 17 29 23 20
 2 20 25 24 26 26 25 21 25 24
 3 23 22 19 17 23 28 22 22 23
 4 26 25 28 20 19 29 25 24 28 .05

Note: According to Institute of Medicine 2011 recommendations based on 25(OH)D blood concentrations. Column percentages (ie, within each vitamin D status category) are presented for categorical variables; percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding and missing values.

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CPS-II, Cancer Prevention Study-II; EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; MET, metabolic equivalent.

a

P value calculated among the pooled sample using one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables.

b

Study-specific quartiles based on recreational metabolic-equivalent hours (MET-hours) per week.