Table 4.
Association between environmental agents and lung function based on linear regression models.
| FEV1 | FVC | FEV25-75 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Agent |
Single exposure | Multiple exposures | Single exposure | Multiple exposures | Single exposure | Multiple exposures | |||
| β (95% CI)1 | β (95% CI)1,2 | β (95% CI)1,2,3 | β (95% CI)1 | β (95% CI)1,2 | β (95% CI)1,2,3 | β (95% CI)1 | β (95% CI)1,2 | β (95% CI)1,2,3 | |
| O3 | −0.06 (−0.36, 0.25) | −0.19 (−0.49, 0.11) | −0.24 (−0.55, 0.04) | −0.09 (−0.39, 0.22) | −0.22 (−0.52, 0.07) | −0.29 (−0.58, 0.00) | 0.11 (−0.21, 0.42) | 0.03 (−0.30, 0.35) | −0.10 (−0.41, 0.22) |
| NO2 | −0.31 (−0.55, −0.07) | −0.74 (−1.24, −0.24) | −0.80 (−1.29, −0.30) | −0.35 (−0.59, −0.11) | −0.81 (−1.30, −0.32) | −0.87 (−1.35, −0.38) | −0.02 (−0.28, 0.24) | −0.10 (−0.64, 0.45) | −0.44 (−0.97, 0.09) |
| PM2.5 | −0.16 (−0.42, 0.11) | −0.01 (−0.46, 0.44) | −0.26 (−0.73, 0.22) | −0.18 (−0.44, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.45, 0.44) | −0.26 (−0.73, 0.21) | 0.02 (−0.26, 0.30) | −0.03 (−0.52, 0.46) | −0.22 (−0.71, 0.27) |
| PM10 | −0.03 (−0.23, 0.18) | 0.44 (0.04, 0.84) | 0.40 (0.00, 0.81) | −0.05 (−0.26, 0.15) | 0.46 (0.07, 0.85) | 0.43 (0.03, 0.82) | 0.11 (−0.10, 0.32) | 0.13 (−0.30, 0.56) | 0.53 (0.08, 0.27) |
| C | 0.01 (−0.14, 0.16) | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.26) | −0.04 (−0.22, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.13, 0.17) | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.27) | −0.03 (−0.21, 0.15) | −0.06 (−0.22, 0.10) | −0.02 (−0.20, 0.15) | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.26) |
| MeBr | −0.06 (−0.20, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.12, 0.17) | −0.04 (−0.18, 0.10) | 0.01 (−0.13, 0.16) | 0.04 (−0.11, 0.19) | −0.15 (−0.29, −0.00) | −0.11 (−0.28, 0.05) | −0.01 (−0.16, 0.15) |
| OP | 0.21 (0.03, 0.39) | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.31) | 0.14 (−0.13, 0.41) | 0.21 (0.03, 0.39) | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.31) | 0.14 (−0.13, 0.40) | 0.11 (−0.08, 0.30) | 0.09 (−0.12, 0.31) | 0.11 (−0.09, 0.31) |
| OP:NO2 | −0.13 (−0.31, 0.05) | −0.13 (−0.31, 0.05) | |||||||
| PM2.5:NO2 | 0.33 (0.08, 0.58) | 0.34 (0.09, 0.59) | |||||||
| C:MeBr | −0.29 (−0.46, −0.13) | ||||||||
| PM10:MeBr | 0.17 (−0.03, 0.38) | ||||||||
β estimates represent the mean change in the lung function measure per unit (z-score) increase in the exposure agent.
Bold font represents statistical significance.
Adjusted for BMI, maternal education, current smoking, insurance, proximity to freeway, atopy status, asthma severity at baseline, season of exposure temperature and precipitation.
Additionally adjusted for all the other environmental agents.
Additionally adjusted for interaction between selected environmental agents.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; O3, ozone; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; PM2.5, particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5μm; PM10, particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter < 10μm; OP, organophosphates; C, carbamates and MeBr, methyl bromide; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEF25-75, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity.