Table 1.
Baseline characteristics from included participants from the REVEAL-HBV and REVEAL-HCV cohorts.
| REVEAL-HBV |
REVEAL-HCV |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariate | Controls (N=161) | HCC Cases (N=185) | P-value | Controls (N=96) | HCC Cases (N=96) | P-value | ||||
| Mean age (SD), years | 50.7 | (9.4) | 51.3 | (9.0) | 0.6 | 54.5 | (7.3) | 54.4 | (6.8) | 0.8 |
| Age, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| 30 – <40 | 24 | (14.9) | 24 | (13.0) | 4 | (4.2) | 4 | (4.2) | ||
| 40 – <50 | 53 | (32.9) | 58 | (31.4) | 14 | (14.6) | 14 | (14.6) | ||
| 50 – <60 | 51 | (31.7) | 68 | (36.8) | 54 | (56.2) | 54 | (56.2) | ||
| 60+ | 33 | (20.5) | 35 | (18.9) | 0.8 | 24 | (25.0) | 24 | (25.0) | 1.0 |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| Male | 130 | (80.8) | 150 | (81.1) | 56 | (58.3) | 56 | (58.3) | ||
| Female | 31 | (19.3) | 35 | (18.9) | 0.9 | 40 | (41.7) | 40 | (41.7) | 1.0 |
| Body mass index, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| <18.5, kg/m2 | 5 | (3.1) | 7 | (3.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.0) | ||
| 18.5 – <23, kg/m2 | 68 | (42.2) | 52 | (28.1) | 45 | (46.9) | 28 | (29.2) | ||
| 23 – <25 | 42 | (26.1) | 45 | (24.3) | 19 | (19.8) | 19 | (19.8) | ||
| ≥25, kg/m2 | 46 | (28.6) | 81 | (43.8) | 0.01 | 32 | (33.3) | 48 | (50.0) | 0.04 |
| Alcohol consumption, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| No | 136 | (84.5) | 149 | (80.5) | 86 | (89.6) | 87 | (90.6) | ||
| Yes | 25 | (15.5) | 36 | (19.5) | 0.4 | 10 | (10.4) | 9 | (9.4) | 0.8 |
| Smoking status, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| No | 104 | (64.6) | 113 | (61.1) | 67 | (69.8) | 55 | (57.3) | ||
| Yes | 57 | (35.4) | 72 | (38.9) | 0.5 | 29 | (30.2) | 41 | (42.7) | 0.07 |
| Education, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| Illiterate | 20 | (12.4) | 24 | (13.0) | 35 | (36.4) | 39 | (40.6) | ||
| Elementary school | 69 | (42.9) | 98 | (53.0) | 45 | (46.9) | 37 | (38.6) | ||
| Junior high school | 19 | (11.8) | 25 | (13.5) | 4 | (4.2) | 13 | (13.5) | ||
| High school | 32 | (19.9) | 25 | (13.5) | 7 | (7.3) | 5 | (5.2) | ||
| College or more | 21 | (13.0) | 13 | (7.0) | 0.1 | 5 | (5.2) | 2 | (2.1) | 0.1 |
| Mean ALT (SD), u/L | 18.3 | (18.4) | 32.5 | (44.8) | <0.001 | 31.5 | (30.7) | 43.9 | (42.5) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes at Baseline, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| No | 160 | (99.4) | 175 | (94.6) | 91 | (94.8) | 92 | (95.8) | ||
| Yes | 1 | (0.6) | 10 | (5.4) | 0.01 | 5 | (5.2) | 4 | (4.2) | 0.7 |
| Liver Cirrhosis at Baseline, No. (%) | ||||||||||
| No | 161 | (100.0) | 158 | (85.4) | 93 | (96.9) | 93 | (96.9) | ||
| Yes | 0 | (0.0) | 27 | (14.6) | <0.001 | 3 | (3.1) | 3 | (3.1) | 1.0 |
| HBeAg | ||||||||||
| Negative | 142 | (88.2) | 107 | (57.8) | ||||||
| Positive | 19 | (11.8) | 78 | (42.2) | <0.001 | |||||
| HCV Genotype | ||||||||||
| Genotype 1 | 45 | (46.9) | 66 | (68.8) | ||||||
| Genotype non-1 | 51 | (53.1) | 30 | (31.2) | 0.002 | |||||
Abbreviations: HBV=hepatitis B virus, HCV=hepatitis C virus, HCC=hepatocellular carcinoma, SD=standard deviation, kg=kilogram, m=meter.
1
P-values calculated using the Chi-square test (categorical variables) or the Wilcoxon test (continuous variables).