Table 3.

Summary statistics of select urinary metals (μg/g creatinine) by enrollment and delivery with NHANES comparison (females only, ages 14–45)

Metal	Measure	NBCS - Enrollment	NBCS - Delivery	NHANES
Cd	GM (95% CI)	0.219 (0.202 – 0.236)	0.148 (0.138 – 0.159)	0.133 (0.125–0.141)
	Median (95% CI)	0.225 (0.209 – 0.247)	0.141 (0.132 – 0.154)	0.132 (0.122–0.143)
	P95 (95% CI)	0.609 (0.564 – 0.761)	0.495 (0.425 – 0.613)	0.543 (0.476–0.61)
	Range	0.028 – 1.713	0.015 – 8.277	0.012–7.56
	%<DL	6.2	21.4	22.2
	N	304	449
	Detection Limit	0.036 μg/L
Hg	GM (95% CI)	0.155 (0.129 – 0.186)	0.162 (0.137 – 0.193)	0.263 (0.247–0.28)
	Median (95% CI)	0.123 (0.108 – 0.159)	0.120 (0.109 – 0.157)	0.243 (0.224–0.261)
	P95 (95% CI)	1.114 (0.902 – 1.480)	1.24 (1.01 – 1.43)	1.489 (1.304–1.673)
	Range	0.044 – 2.627	0.048 – 3.856	0.02–70.966
	%<DL	51.2	58.3	33.8
	N	299	446
	Detection Limit	0.13 μg/L
Mn	GM (95% CI)	0.189 (0.173 – 0.208)	0.326 (0.296 – 0.362)	0.145 (0.135–0.155)
	Median (95% CI)	0.172 (0.158 – 0.194)	0.299 (0.277 – 0.343)	0.139 (0.128–0.15)
	P95 (95% CI)	0.744 (0.568 – 1.110)	2.071 (1.74 – 3.55)	0.565 (0.504–0.627)
	Range	0.052 – 2.948	0.059 – 24.855	0.012–22.083
	%<DL	34.5	29.2	57.4
	N	304	448
	Detection Limit	0.13 μg/L
Pb	GM (95% CI)	0.282 (0.266 – 0.299)	0.314 (0.296 – 0.334)	0.265 (0.249–0.281)
	Median (95% CI)	0.261 (0.252 – 0.284)	0.292 (0.275 – 0.316)	0.252 (0.233–0.27)
	P95 (95% CI)	0.78 (0.609 – 0.899)	0.962 (0.817 – 1.34)	0.876 (0.762–0.989)
	Range	0.039 – 2.324	0.039 – 22.164	0.03–27.529
	%<DL	1.3	1.6	1.7
	N	304	449
	Detection Limit	0.03 μg/L
As (Total)	GM (95% CI)	5.834 (5.490 – 6.210)	6.233 (5.91 – 6.59)	6.991 (6.5–7.519)
	Median (95% CI)	5.449 (5.060 – 5.740	5.871 (5.59 – 6.20)	5.791 (5.374–6.208)
	P95 (95% CI)	13.983 (11.3 – 15.300)	15.817 (14.0 – 17.4)	48.646 (36.706–60.585)
	Range	1.915 – 192.503	0.282 – 403.273	0.947–987.826
	%<DL	0	0.2	3.8
	N	302	448
	Detection Limit	0.26 μg/L
Tl	GM (95% CI)	0.159 (0.151 – 0.167)	0.141 (0.136 – 0.147)	0.176 (0.17–0.183)
	Median (95% CI)	0.158 (0.148 – 0.170)	0.141 (0.135 – 0.151)	0.174 (0.165–0.182)
	P95 (95% CI)	0.332 (0.291 – 0.354)	0.297 (0.272 – 0.319)	0.453 (0.412–0.494)
	Range	0.038 – 0.862	0.011 – 0.685	0.007–2.568
	%<DL	1	3.8	0.5
	N	304	449
	Detection Limit	0.018 μg/L
U	GM (95% CI)	0.018 (0.017 – 0.02)	0.018 (0.017 – 0.02)	0.006 (0.005–0.007)
	Median (95% CI)	0.017 (0.015 – 0.019)	0.016 (0.016 – 0.018)	0.006 (0.005–0.006)
	P95 (95% CI)	0.064 (0.053 – 0.0861)	0.069 (0.059 – 0.082)	0.029 (0.023–0.035)
	Range	0.003 – 1.789	0.004 – 0.584	0.001–1.012
	%<DL	2.6	2.9	20.7
	N	304	449
	Detection Limit	0.002 μg/L

Note: DL – Detection Limit; 95% CI - indicates the 95% confidence interval; NHANES – National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey Cycles 2011–12, 2013–14, and 2015–16 limited to females ages 14–45