Abbreviations: AO = antioxidant, As= arsenic, Ba=barium, Cd=cadmium, Ni=nickel, Pb=lead, WQS=weighted quantile sum
Notes: Bars correspond to the right axis and indicate the number of times a metal exceeded the concern threshold of 20% in 100 repeated holdouts. Data points, boxplots, and diamonds correspond to the left axis. Data points indicate weights for each of the 100 holdouts. Box plots show 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, and whiskers show 10th and 90th percentiles of weights for the 100 holdouts. Closed diamonds show mean weights for the 100 holdouts. All models are adjusted for urine creatinine, week of gestation at urine collection, maternal age and race/ethnicity.