Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics for All Study Variables (N = 3604, Weighted)

	Percentage	Mean	Standard Deviation	Range
				Min	Max
Child Age at Wave 1		14.51	1.70	12	17
Child Age at Wave 2		15.72	1.76	12	20
Child Age at Wave 3		16.76	1.77	13	21
Child Gender
Male	51.3%
Female	48.7%
Child Race/Ethnicity
White/Caucasian	65%
Black/African American	16%
Hispanic/Latino	11%
Asian/Pacific Islander	3%
Native American/Alaska Native	2%
Not Reported	3%
Community Setting
Urban	29%
Suburban	50%
Rural	21%
Household Income
Less than $20,000	13%
$20,000 to $50,000	32%
More than $50,000	55%
Parental Education Level
8th grade or less	1.3%
Some high school	5.7%
High school	27.2%
Some college	28.3%
Four year college	21.2%
Some graduate school	2.5%
Graduate degree	13.8%
Neighborhood Safety		2.26	1.20	1	4
Family Cohesion		2.52	0.37	1	3
Violence Exposure1	Wave 1	Wave 2	Wave 3
Sexual Abuse/Assault	7.5%	2.1%	2.3%
Physical Assault	15.6%	5.3%	3.2%
Physically Abusive Punishment	12.3%	2.9%	1.6%
Witnessed Domestic Violence	8.9%	1.2%	1.0%
Witnessed Community Violence	37.8%	18.2%	13.2%
Mean Violence Exposure Count	.83	.30
Risk Behaviors	Wave 1
Cigarette Use	25%
Alcohol Use	30.8%
Prescription Drug Use	6.7%
Club Drug Use	3.0%
Delinquent Behaviors	20.8%
Mental Health Outcomes2	Wave 1	Wave 2	Wave 3
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	8.1%	7.5%	7.6%
Major Depressive Disorder	14%	10.1%	10.3%

Note. Data are weighted according to 2005 U.S. Census estimates.

¹Wave 2 and Wave 3 violence exposure rates reflect new incidents of violence occurring between the prior and current wave (i.e., past year).

²Wave 2 and Wave 3 mental health outcomes reflect meeting diagnostic criteria in the time since the prior wave (i.e., past year).