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. 2020 Sep 18;11:527744. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.527744

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Copyright © 2020 Chen, Zhao, Ma, Chen, Wu, Zhu, Zhu, Ma and Zhao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Circadian rhythm disturbance (CRD) induced experimental TMJ-OA in rats. (A) CRD created by a modified multiplatform method (n=3 rats per group). (B) Circadian expression of bmal1 genes in the spleen. (C) Grouping arrangement and light:dark (LD) cycle arrangement of animal experiments. (D) Rat TMJ sections subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The black arrows indicate chondrocyte disarrangement, cluster formation and cell-free areas in the CRD and SEC groups. The red arrows indicate cartilage loss and surface integrity reductions. All experiments were performed in triplicate, and the results are expressed as the mean ± SD. The P value is written in the figure corner. Scale bar: 50 μm.