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. 2020 Sep 30;6(3):836–879. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.013

Table 6.

Effect of composition and fabrication processes on the degradation behavior of Zn-based alloys (average values are reported).

Composition (wt.%) and manufacturing process Corrosion medium Immersion time (day) Ecorr(V) Icorr(μA/cm2) C.R (mm/y)
 Ref.
C.R imm C.Rele
Pure Zn
Pure-Zn Saline 14 −1.25 16.73 – 0.063 [269]
RSS 3 −1.049 – 0.10 0.094 [256]
PBS 3 −0.994 – 0.03 0.021
WB 3 −1.130 – 0.11 0.104
HP 3 −1.094 – 0.19 0.179
SBF 14 −1.08 11.90 0.03 0.18 [264]
Zn (foil) AP 28 −0.97 0.76 0.016 0.011 [267]
ZnCast HBSS 30 −1.170 37 0.56 [274]
ZnHE 30 −1.016 30.361 0.027 0.909 [268]
ZnHE + DW 30 −1.009 14.045 0.035 0.421
Zn (plate)HE + DW 30 – – 0.013 – [71]
Zn (tube)HE + DW 30 – – 0.037 –
Zn Alloyed with nutrient elements (Ca, Mg and Sr)
ZnHE SBF 14 −0.914 44.0 0.15 0.653 [148]
Zn-0.005MgHE 14 −0.938 49.1 0.15 0.728
ZnHE HBSS 15 −1.117 2.81 0.09 0.042 [255]
Zn-0.02MgHE 15 −1.113 6.19 0.21 0.093
ZnHE AU – −1.11 58 – 0.87 [273]
Zn-0.5MgHE – −1.18 92 – 1.39
Zn-1.0MgHE – −1.17 99 – 1.50
ZnSLM SBF 28 −0.87 9.24 0.18 – [142]
Zn-1MgSLM 28 −0.91 5.86 0.14 –
Zn-2MgSLM 28 −0.88 4.63 0.13 –
Zn-3MgSLM 28 −0.82 3.62 0.10 –
Zn-4MgSLM 28 −0.84 3.71 0.11 –
Zn-1MgCast 30 min. −1.14 28.47 0.43 – [275]
Zn-1MgCast 7 – – 0.28 – [104]
Zn-1MgExt 7 – – 0.12 –
Zn-1MgPM Ringer's 2 −1.224 7.244 0.208 – [138]
Zn-25MgPM 2 −1.323 12.99 0.374 –
ZnCast + Hom SBF 14 −0.89 9.7 0.073 – [94]
Zn-1MgCast + Hom 14 −0.98 1.2 0.083 –
Zn-1.5MgCast + Hom 14 −0.93 8.8 0.075 –
Zn-3.0 MgCast + Hom 14 −0.93 7.4 0.081 –
ZnCast SBF 14 – – – 0.064 [214]
Zn-1MgCast 14 – – – 0.053
Zn-1.5MgCast 14 – – – 0.058
Zn-3.0 MgCast 14 – – – 0.052
ZnCast HBSS 14 −0.99 9.20 – 0.137 [178]
Zn-0.15MgCast 14 −1.03 11.52 – 0.172
Zn-0.5MgCast 14 −1.05 11.73 – 0.175
Zn-1.0MgCast 14 −1.07 11.88 – 0.177
Zn-3.0MgCast 14 −0.98 9.01 – 0.135
ZnHE 14 −0.98 8.98 0.074 0.134
Zn-0.15MgHE 14 −1.01 10.98 0.079 0.164
Zn-0.5MgHE 14 −1.02 11.01 0.081 0.164
Zn-1.0MgHE 14 −1.05 11.32 0.083 0.169
Zn-3.0MgHE 14 −0.92 8.60 0.076 0.128
Zn-1.2MgCast HBSS 90 −1.18 7.68 0.07 0.12 [220]
Zn-1.2MgHE 90 −1.20 12.38 0.09 0.19
Zn-0.8MgHE MEM 1 – – 0.071 – [164]
ZnCast SBF 6 −1.050 2.5 0.038 – [276]
Zn-1.0MgCast 6 −1.076 3.6 0.052 –
Zn-2.0MgCast 6 −1.056 1.4 0.020 –
Zn-1.5MgHE 3 – – 0.101 – [263]
Zn-3.0MgCast 21 – – 0.21 – [222]
Zn-3.0MgHom 21 – – 0.13 –
21 −0.902 3.4 0.25 0.30
Zn-3.0Mg1-ECAP 21 −0.865 2.7 0.18 0.24 [160]
Zn-3.0Mg2-ECAP 21 −0.893 3.2 0.19 0.28
Zn-2.2MgDSC NaCl – −0.938 0.17 – 5.88 cm2/μA [137]
Zn-3.15MgDSC – −0.918 0.18 – 5.55 cm2/μA
Zn-0.5Mg-0.1CaHE PBS – −1.25 2.42 – 0.028 [180]
Zn-1.0Mg-0.1CaHE – −1.20 1.82 – 0.021
Zn-1.5Mg-0.1CaHE – −1.18 2.08 – 0.024
ZnHR HBSS 56 −0.988 9.07 0.078 0.135 [147]
Zn-1.0MgHR 56 −0.999 9.94 0.086 0.149
Zn-1.0MgCast PBS 30 −1.09 0.74 – 0.012 [107]
Zn-1.0Mg-0.5CaCast 30 −1.07 4.3 – 0.066
Zn-1.5MgCast HBSS 30 – – 0.065 0.104 [135]
Zn-1.5Mg-0.1CaCast 30 – – 0.110 0.238
Zn-1.5Mg-0.1SrCast 30 – – 0.105 0.105
ZnHE 56 – – 0.078 0.135 [55]
Zn-1.0Mg-1.0CaHE 56 – – 0.092 0.170
Zn-1.0Mg-1.0SrHE 56 – – 0.095 0.178
Zn-0.02Mg-0.02CuHE 15 – – 0.047 0.079 [224]
ZnCast 30 −1.12 3.52 0.086 0.05 [226]
Zn-1.0Mg-0.1MnCast 30 −1.23 17.21 0.12 0.26
Zn-1.5Mg-0.1MnCast 30 −1.23 9.34 0.09 0.14
Zn-1.0Mg-0.1MnHR 30 −1.21 16.76 0.11 0.25
ZnCast – −1.11 3.02 – 0.05 [225]
Zn–1Mg-0.1SrCast – −1.23 7.85 – 0.12
Zn–1Mg-0.5SrCast – −1.23 7.13 – 0.11
Zn–1Mg-0.1SrHR – −1.19 10.24 – 0.15
ZnHE SBF 90 −1.05 7.89 0.13 0.23 [227]
Zn-0.5Mg-0.5ZrHE 90 −1.23 5.44 0.08 0.16
Zn-1.0Mg-0.5ZrHE 90 −1.25 27.15 0.12 0.79
Zn-1.5Mg-0.5ZrHE 90 −1.26 68.41 0.09 2.00
Zn-0.1CaHE 30 −1.19 17.83 0.018 – [213]
Zn-0.4CaHE 30 −0.98 7.32 0.020 –
Zn-0.8CaHE 30 −1.20 10.51 0.021 –
ZnCast HBSS 14 −1.192 2.41 0.023 0.036 [181]
Zn-0.5CaCast 14 −1.225 2.84 0.035 0.042
Zn-1.0CaCast 14 −1.239 3.83 0.040 0.057
Zn-2.0CaCast 14 −1.242 5.61 0.074 0.084
Zn-3.0CaCast 14 −1.236 4.08 0.066 0.062
Zn-1.0CaCast 56 −1.019 10.75 0.090 0.160 [147]
Zn-1.0Ca-1SrHE 56 – – 0.11 0.19 [55]
Zn-4.0Ca-2CuPM – −1.503 667 – 2.60 [277]
Zn-0.1SrHE SBF 30 −1.02 7.13 0.014 – [213]
Zn-0.4SrHE 30 −1.13 20.46 0.016 –
Zn-0.8SrHE 30 −1.14 27.59 0.021 –
Zn-1.0SrCast HBSS 56 −1.031 11.76 0.095 0.175 [147]
Zn-1.1SrHR SBF 30 – – 0.4 – [216]
Zn Alloyed with crucial elements (Cu, Fe and Mn)
Zn-0.4CuHE SBF 30 −0.98 7.69 0.015 – [213]
Zn-0.8CuHE 30 −1.10 37.16 0.026 –
Zn-2CuHE 30 −1.11 31.53 0.029 –
ZnHE 20 – – 0.022 – [162]
Zn-1CuHE 20 – – 0.033 –
Zn-2CuHE 20 – – 0.027 –
Zn-3CuHE 20 – – 0.030 –
Zn-4CuHE 20 – – 0.025 –
Zn-1CuLPBF 28 −1.167 9.12 0.16 0.137 [278]
Zn-2CuLPBF 28 −1.186 10.96 0.18 0.165
Zn-3CuLPBF 28 −1.198 11.75 0.20 0.176
Zn-4CuLPBF 28 −1.238 12.88 0.22 0.194
Zn-4CuHE HBSS 20 – 4.1 – 0.009 [149]
Zn-1CuCast 40 – – 0.16 – [228]
Zn-2CuCast 40 – – 0.13 –
Zn-4CuCast 40 – – 0.14 –
Zn-1CuHE 40 – – 0.06 –
Zn-2CuHE 40 – – 0.13 –
Zn-4CuHE 40 – – 0.13 –
Zn-3CuHE 20 −1.102 0.372 0.012 0.005 [163]
Zn–3Cu-0.1MgHE 20 −1.000 1.177 0.023 0.018
Zn–3Cu-0.5MgHE 20 −0.957 1.563 0.030 0.024
Zn–3Cu-1.0MgHE 20 −0.945 12.413 0.043 0.180
Zn-3CuHE SBF 20 −1.110 5.8 0.045 0.085 [105]
Zn–3Cu-0.5FeHE 20 −1.095 7.1 0.064 0.105
Zn–3Cu-1.0FeHE 20 −1.087 8.8 0.069 0.130
Zn-3CuHE 20 – – 0.043 – [83]
Zn–3Cu-0.2FeHE 20 – – 0.059 –
Zn–3Cu-0.5FeHE 20 – – 0.064 –
Zn-2CuCast HBSS 30 −1.137 1.63 0.011 – [229]
Zn–2Cu-0.05TiCast 30 −1.164 2.56 0.022 –
Zn–2Cu-0.1TiCast 30 −1.211 3.27 0.028 –
Zn–1Cu-0.1TiCast 30 −1.025 21.5 0.029 0.315 [152]
Zn–1Cu-0.1TiHR 30 −1.123 111.2 0.034 1.628
Zn–1Cu-0.1TiHR + Cold rolling 30 −1.100 67.7 0.032 0.991
Zn-3CuCast HBSS 90 −0.932 14.3 0.019 0.190 [252]
Zn-3CuHR 90 −0.946 19.2 0.021 0.255
Zn-3CuHR + Cold rolling 90 −0.979 23.4 0.024 0.311
Zn–3Cu-0.2TiCast 90 −0.961 10.9 0.018 0.145
Zn–3Cu-0.2TiHR 90 −0.982 19.0 0.021 0.252
Zn–3Cu-0.2TiHR + Cold rolling 90 −0.993 22.5 0.022 0.299
Zn-0.1FeHE SBF 30 −1.14 49.36 0.020 – [213]
Zn-0.4FeHE 30 −1.04 9.20 0.016 –
Zn-0.8FeHE 30 −1.13 55.55 0.022 –
Zn-0.3FeCast 30 −1.00 8.99 0.046 0.137 [192]
Zn-0.3FeBCWC 30 −1.01 7.31 0.044 0.111
ZnCast PBS 20 −1.02 0.67 0.295 0.010 [230]
Zn-1.3FeCast 20 −1.04 0.89 0.509 0.013
ZnCast 30 – – 0.320 – [272]
Zn-4FeCast 20 – – 0.148 –
Zn-0.1MnHE SBF 30 −0.95 5.07 0.028 – [213]
Zn-0.4MnHE 30 −0.96 7.13 0.014 –
Zn-0.8MnHE 30 −0.98 7.51 0.019 –
Zn-0.1MnHE 30 −0.964 9.031 0.027 0.161 [231]
Zn-0.4MnHE 30 −0.942 10.671 0.016 0.318
Zn-0.8MnHE 30 −0.976 7.436 0.019 0.111
Zn-0.82MnHR HBSS 15 −1.080 9.530 0.036 0.145 [279]
Zn-0.82MnHR+SHT 15 −1.080 6.25 0.019 0.095
ZnPM 3 −0.85 138 – 2.71 [139]
Zn-4MnPM 3 −1.02 48 – 0.72
Zn-24MnPM 3 −1.35 2.08 – 0.02
Zn-0.8MnHE SBF – −1.07 6.76 – 0.101 [232]
Zn-0.8Mn - 0.4AgHE – −1.19 11.22 – 0.168
Zn-0.8Mn - 0.4CuHE – −1.18 8.91 – 0.133
Zn-0.8Mn - 0.4CaHE – −1.16 10.72 – 0.160
Zn-0.35Mn - 0.41CuHR 14 −1.06 4.1 0.050 0.062 [145]
Zn-0.75Mn - 0.40CuHR 14 −1.03 6.5 0.065 0.098
Zn Alloyed with other elements
Zn-0.4AgHE SBF 30 −1.05 35.66 0.026 – [213]
Zn-0.8AgHE 30 −1.10 45.98 0.018 –
Zn-2AgHE 30 −1.06 17.27 0.018 –
ZnHE HBSS 14 −0.98 8.9 0.077 0.133 [102]
Zn-2.5AgHE 14 −1.12 9.2 0.079 0.137
Zn-5.0AgHE 14 −1.12 9.7 0.081 0.144
Zn-7.0AgHE 14 −1.14 9.9 0.084 0.147
Zn-2AgSLM SBF 21 −1.07 5.01 0.086 0.08 [141]
Zn-4AgSLM 21 −0.99 1.47 0.107 0.02
Zn-6AgSLM 21 −0.94 9.56 0.114 0.15
Zn-8AgSLM 21 −0.90 13.94 0.133 0.21
Zn-1.0AgHE HBSS 28 −1.035 12.3 – 0.184 [280]
Zn-1.0Ag-0.05ZrHE 28 −1.008 4.6 – 0.077
Zn-0.5AlHE AU – −1.15 77 – 1.14 [273]
Zn-0.5AlCast HBSS 14 −0.99 11.08 – 0.165 [178]
Zn-0.5AlHE 14 −0.98 9.60 0.079 0.143
Zn-1.0AlCast 14 −0.99 11.11 – 0.166
Zn-1.0AlHE 14 −0.98 9.70 – 0.145
Zn-2.0AlLPBF SBF 14 −1.059 8.037 – 0.142 [143]
ZnCom 7 −1.032 9.55 – 0.14 [281]
Zn–5Al-4 MgCom 7 −1.020 17.7 – 0.32
Zn-0.5AlCast 30 −1.074 20.4 – 0.147 [136]
Zn-0.5Al-0.1MgCast 30 −1.065 17.3 – 0.130
Zn-0.5Al-0.3MgCast 30 −1.034 11.2 – 0.110
Zn-0.5Al-0.5MgCast 30 −1.018 9.5 – 0.080
Zn-0.5Al-0.5MgCast 30 −1.028 9.51 0.148 – [205]
Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg-0.1BiCast 30 −1.049 12.11 0.174 –
Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg-0.3BiCast 30 −1.065 16.45 0.210 –
Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg-0.5BiCast 30 −1.084 22.73 0.283 –
ZnCom +HE HBSS – −0.958 1.799 0.027 – [236]
ZA4-1Com +HE – −1.145 2.986 0.047 –
ZA4-3Com +HE – −1.196 7.209 0.374 –
ZA6-1Com +HE – −1.142 5.331 0.086 –
ZnCast 14 −1.063 10.7 0.068 0.157 [168]
Zn-5.0GeCast 14 −1.020 8.7 0.042 0.127
ZnHR 14 −1.077 20.9 0.099 0.306
Zn-5.0GeHR 14 −1.045 15.4 0.051 0.226
Z-0.1LiHE SBF 30 −1.04 15.20 0.025 – [213]
Z-0.4LiHE 30 −1.03 11.26 0.019 –
Z-0.8LiHE 30 −1.11 30.40 0.025 –
ZnHR 14 −1.35 10.96 – 0.16 [103]
Zn-0.2LiHR 14 −1.18 3.98 – 0.06
Zn-0.4LiHR 14 −1.21 3.80 – 0.05
Zn-0.8LiHR Ringer's 35 −1.29 8.24 – 0.12 [239]
Zn-0.8Li-0.2AgHR 35 −1.21 7.67 – 0.11
Zn-0.8Li-0.2MgHR 35 −1.32 11.31 – 0.17

Com: Commercial, SHT: Solution heat treatment, PBS: phosphate buffered saline; HBSS: HBSS balanced salt solution; SBF: stimulated body fluid; AU: Artificial urine; WB: Whole blood; AP: Artificial plasma; HP: Human plasma; RSS: Ringer's saline solution; MEM: minimum essential medium; Ecorr: electrochemical voltage; Icorr: current density; C.R: corrosion rate; C. Rimm: corrosion rate evaluated from immersion corrosion studies; C. Rele: corrosion rate evaluated from electrochemical corrosion studies.