Table 4.

Dialytic management of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery

Dialytic modality	Indication	Benefit	Limitations/risk
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)	Fluid overload, mild-moderate AKI	Ease of access, decreased time to negative fluid balance	Peritonitis, relatively decreased filtration efficiency [45]
Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD)	Fluid overload, AKI	Rapid fluid & solute removal	Rapid fluid shift [46]
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)	Critically-ill patients, severe AKI, fluid overload	Avoidance of major fluid shifts; controlled removal of fluid	Complexity of implementation [44]
Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF)	Severe AKI & fluid overload	Highly-efficient filtration method to remove both solutes & fluids	Hypotension, hypothermia, bleeding [47]

AKI, acute kidney injury.