Table 1.
The twenty significant metabolites in liver of control group, DSS group, CA group, and GA group.
| No. | Name | tR(min) | HMDB | KEGG | VIP>1 | Relative intensity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | DSS | CA | GA | ||||||
| 1 | Propionyl carnitine | 2.31 | HMDB0000824 | C03017 | ∆a | 384.21 ± 98.64 | 5700.72 ± 2028.84c | 588.66 ± 375.78 | 847.76 ± 530.07 |
| 2 | Arachidonic acid | 14.09 | HMDB0001043 | C00219 | ∆ | 5997.26 ± 1389.78 | 2527.74 ± 396.91c | 3919.27 ± 744.50e | 4579.15 ± 951.61 |
| 3 | Hypotaurine | 1.23 | HMDB0000965 | C00519 | ∆ | 284.55 ± 70.53 | 4235.41 ± 2659.97c | 358.70 ± 289.65 | 606.52 ± 428.58f |
| 4 | D-maltose | 1.21 | HMDB0000163 | C00208 | ∆ | 1779.42 ± 483.21 | 1155.87 ± 283.50b | 1747.31 ± 317.29 | 1807.18 ± 343.14 |
| 5 | 4-Pyridoxic acid | 2.02 | HMDB0000017 | C00847 | ∆ | 144.45 ± 66.08 | 65.88 ± 29.11b | 131.24 ± 19.31 | 164.84 ± 46.90 |
| 6 | Cortisol | 8.62 | HMDB0000063 | C00735 | ∆ | 11.69 ± 9.99 | 506.20 ± 352.53c | 21.59 ± 20.54 | 73.07 ± 52.63g |
| 7 | Guanine | 1.34 | HMDB0000132 | C00242 | ∆ | 187.17 ± 47.36 | 336.74 ± 109.82c | 245.23 ± 58.58 | 263.57 ± 57.07f |
| 8 | Uracil | 1.35 | HMDB0000300 | C00106 | ∆ | 4359.67 ± 764.58 | 2963.04 ± 608.96b | 5243.61 ± 1162.11 | 3965.74 ± 1520.60 |
| 9 | L-Carnitine | 1.24 | HMDB0000062 | C00318 | ∆ | 17807.48 ± 3512.00 | 38793.25 ± 6811.27c | 20469.79 ± 5089.24 | 23672.54 ± 7816.16 |
| 10 | β-Cortolone | 8.32 | HMDB0013221 | C05481 | ∆ | 18.50 ± 12.94 | 234.38 ± 106.55c | 5.97 ± 4.67 | 28.75 ± 24.15f |
| 11 | Corticosterone | 8.08 | HMDB0001547 | C02140 | ∆ | 3.72 ± 2.15 | 73.06 ± 37.02c | 2.27 ± 0.84 | 37.94 ± 30.86 |
| 12 | Andrographolide | 9.62 | Na∗ | NA | ∆ | 2.31 ± 0.62 | 42.36 ± 22.28c | 4.05 ± 3.04 | 8.07 ± 5.67 |
| 13 | Glycylproline | 1.70 | HMDB0000721 | NA | ∆ | 116.59 ± 19.36 | 213.04 ± 45.74c | 164.62 ± 29.84d | 154.76 ± 49.39 |
| 14 | Thiamine | 1.18 | HMDB0000235 | C00378 | ∆ | 1213.24 ± 172.57 | 721.46 ± 104.90c | 1244.25 ± 330.44 | 936.37 ± 77.03g |
| 15 | Glutathione | 1.33 | HMDB0000125 | C00051 | — | 39617.25 ± 6036.10 | 22513.56 ± 4980.63c | 34831.89 ± 6374.22 | 34240.51 ± 8982.61 |
| 16 | N6-acetyl-L-lysine | 1.28 | HMDB0000206 | C02727 | ∆ | 265.83 ± 37.06 | 507.29 ± 141.26c | 309.20 ± 95.39 | 350.36 ± 83.69f |
| 17 | L-Kynurenine | 3.25 | HMDB0000684 | C00328 | ∆ | 654.22 ± 129.20 | 2302.36 ± 1173.26c | 1233.12 ± 1104.86 | 1653.55 ± 699.91g |
| 18 | 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate | 6.68 | NA | NA | — | 13422.12 ± 3602.44 | 10060.25 ± 2172.58c | 11174.65 ± 1769.03 | 8035.20 ± 2318.02g |
| 19 | Palmitoyl carnitine | 11.76 | HMDB0000222 | C02990 | ∆ | 39.64 ± 15.63 | 131.29 ± 32.20c | 39.09 ± 24.66 | 87.65 ± 56.63 |
| 20 | Cortisone | 8.38 | HMDB0002802 | C00762 | ∆ | 1.81 ± 0.46 | 33.18 ± 27.09b | 2.02 ± 0.92 | 10.02 ± 8.24f |
∗NA means not available. a∆ means VIP>1 in OPLS-DA. bDSS group compared with control group, p < 0.05.cDSS group compared with control group, p < 0.01.dCA group compared with control group, p < 0.05.eCA group compared with control group, p < 0.01. fGA group compared with control group, p < 0.05. gGA group compared with control group, p < 0.01.