Table 2.
Effect of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Eligibility Expansion to Treat All Adolescents 10–14 Years Old and Trends in Rapid ART Initiation Before and After Treat All Adoption
| Outcomes | Countries by Expansion Date and Type | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Burundi, DRC, Kenya, Malawi, and Rwanda | Uganda and Zambia | ||
| 2016: General Treat All | 2013: Pediatric Treat All | 2016: General Treat All | |
| Risk difference at Treat All adoption thresholda | 23.4 | 11.2 | −1.1 |
| 95% CI | 13.9–32.8 | 2.5–19.9 | −13.9 to 11.7 |
| P value | <.001 | .01 | .86 |
| Imbens-Kalyanaraman bandwidth, d | 681 | 780 | 252 |
| No. within bandwidth | 970 | 1937 | 665 |
| Predicted outcome at Treat All threshold, %a | |||
| Enrollment just before Treat All adoption | 62.0 | 39.0 | 77.7 |
| Enrollment just after Treat All adoption | 85.4 | 50.2 | 76.6 |
| Relative change after Treat All adoption | 37.7 | 28.7 | −1.4 |
| Slopes before and after Treat All adoption, rate of change in rapid ART initiation, pp/yb | |||
| Before Treat All adoption | 4.1 | 1.5 | 5.8 |
| After Treat All adoption | 2.0 | 7.7 | 4.4 |
| P value for difference in slopes | .69 | <.001 | .93 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral treatment; CI, confidence interval; DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
aRisk difference and predicted outcomes at the Treat All threshold are from regression discontinuity analyses. Effects are calculated at the guideline expansion threshold of 1 day before versus 1 day after Treat All adoption.
bSlope comparison is from separate linear regression models comparing the periods before and after Treat All adoption.