Table 2.
Before match Focal cases |
After match Focal Cases |
After match Controls |
Before match Controls |
Before match |
After match |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic (per cent unless noted) |
In better
nursing resourced hospitals |
In
better nursing resourced hospitals |
In
worse nursing resourced hospitals |
In
worse nursing resourced hospitals |
Standardised difference |
Standardised difference |
(n=87 847) | (n=62 715) | (n=62 715) | (n=2 12 683) | |||
Age (years), mean | 75.7 | 76.3 | 76.4 | 76.8 | −0.14 | −0.01 |
Male | 41.9 | 41.2 | 41.2 | 41.2 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Black | 4.9 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 0.08 | −0.04 |
Hispanic | 9.2 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 4.6 | 0.18 | 0.05 |
Probability of 30-day mortality | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | −0.08 | 0.01 |
Emergent admission | 24.6 | 28.0 | 28.6 | 34.3 | −0.21 | −0.01 |
Transfer-in | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | −0.06 | −0.02 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Hypertension | 83.5 | 85.0 | 85.8 | 87.4 | −0.11 | −0.02 |
Diabetes | 21.2 | 22.5 | 22.4 | 22.5 | −0.03 | 0.00 |
Arrhythmia | 30.2 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 31.3 | −0.02 | 0.00 |
COPD | 20.2 | 21.3 | 21.9 | 25.6 | −0.13 | −0.02 |
Congestive heart failure | 15.3 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 16.3 | −0.02 | 0.01 |
Dementia | 11.1 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 13.8 | −0.08 | 0.00 |
Myocardial infarction | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 10.3 | −0.05 | −0.01 |
Renal failure | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Angina | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 5.8 | −0.07 | 0.01 |
Hospital characteristics | ||||||
Small (<250 beds) | 22.0 | 26.6 | 26.6 | 40.9 | −0.42 | 0.00 |
Large (≥250 beds) | 78.0 | 73.4 | 73.4 | 59.1 | 0.42 | 0.00 |
Beds, mean | 460.4 | 407.2 | 381.2 | 317.3 | 0.69 | 0.12 |
Non-teaching | 42.1 | 57.0 | 57.0 | 63.8 | −0.45 | 0.00 |
Minor teaching | 18.2 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 29.5 | −0.27 | 0.00 |
Major teaching | 39.7 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 6.6 | 0.85 | 0.00 |
Resident-to-bed ratio, mean | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.82 | 0.08 |
High technology status | 87.7 | 85.2 | 85.2 | 52.3 | 0.84 | 0.00 |
Note: The standardised difference is the difference in means divided by a pooled SD before matching. See online supplementary appendix 1 for a description of the matching algorithm and online supplementary appendix 7 for a complete balance table using all covariates.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.