Table 1.

Considerations for sex- and gender sensitive multidisciplinary PD care.

Domain	Feature(s)	Reported to be more common in	Possible sex- and gender sensitive care intervention(s) for this feature	Key questions that could guide sex- and gender-sensitive approaches
Motor features	Poor balance	Women	• Referral to (technology-assisted) balance training interventions	• Are differences between men and women taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of balance training intervention? • Do men and women prefer different features in technology-assisted balance training interventions?
	Dyskinesia	Women	• Deep brain stimulation	• What are the underlying reasons for delayed access to deep brain stimulation surgery, on average, in women compared to men? • Do underlying gender-biases influence the shared decision-making process concerning deep brain stimulation surgery?
Non-motor features	Impulse control disorders	Men	• Reduction or discontinuation of dopaminergic therapies • Cognitive behavior therapy	• Are gender differences in ICBs due to different disease entities or socially-accepted gender behaviors? • How are patients addressed and informed about sex differences in response to dopamine replacement therapies? • Do sex or gender predict outcome in psychotherapy interventions such as cognitive behavior therapy?
	Episodes of depression and anxiety	Women	• Referral for coping skills training e.g: mindfulness-based interventions • Social support interventions	• Do screening measures for depression and anxiety take differences in gender roles into account? • Do gender traits predict or affect the responsiveness to depression and anxiety care interventions?
Lifestyle	Weight loss related impairment	Men	• Regular weight self-monitoring • Development and regular review of diet plan	• Are differences in food choices and practices between men and women taken into account in weight monitoring? • Do sex and gender aspects contribute to differences in food intake and processing?
	Limited physical activity	Women	• Exercise enhanced by motivational app elements • Physical exercise interventions	• Do exercise apps take different drivers and motivations for exercise between men and women into account? • Do exercise apps take gender-specific triggers and rewards into account in their design?
Care support	Less informal care resources	Women	• Proactive identification of social network and care capacities of the patient • Referral to social support interventions/ cognitive behavioral therapy	• Are social support interventions taking gender-specific drivers and motivators into account? • Are there gender differences in social support needs and social support perspection and how are these taking into account?
	Higher caregiver strain	Women	• Regular screening of caregiver burden • Care giver education about disease progress, symptoms and experiences	• Do screening measures of caregiver burden take gender differences in caregiver experiences into account? • Are there gender differences in information and education needs about disease progression and (advanced) care planning?