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. 2020 Oct 1;10:16231. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72464-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of the strategy of CRISPRa-mediated AREB-1 overexpression in drought-tolerance improvement. A sgRNA targeting the AREB-1 promoter region drives nuclease-inactive dCas9 fusion with A. thaliana histone acetyl-transferase. Histone acetylation causes structural changes in chromatin and facilitates the transcriptional machinery assembly, resulting in enhanced gene transcription and consequent protein accumulation. The accumulation of AREB-1 acts as a drought-preventive mechanism: during drought, plant cells release ABA, which activates the transcription of AREB-1 and its transcriptional activity. Because of AREB-1 accumulation, ABA accumulation during the early stages of drought allows for its full activation, and triggers the transcriptional activation of several mechanisms of many genes involved in ABA-mediated drought tolerance, culminating in morpho-physiological changes, which enhances the CRISPRa plants’ performance under severe water deprivation.