Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of participant groups.
| Characteristic | Healthy controls | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical | ||
| No. (male:female) | 9:11 | 9:5 |
| Age (years) | 67.08 (6.23) | 66.29 (6.86) |
| Handedness (R:L) | 19:1 | 14:0 |
| Symptom duration (years) | N/A | 6.12 (2.86) |
| Education (years) | 16.25 (2.05) | 15.69 (2.53) |
| MMSE (/30) | 29.82 (0.39) | 24.07 (6.61)* |
| General intellect | ||
| Verbal IQ (WASI) | 122 (8.79) | 69 (23.66)* |
| Performance IQ (WASI) | 122 (12.88) | 116 (18.69) |
| Episodic memory | ||
| RMT words (/30) | 49 (1.20) | 35 (8.05)* |
| RMT faces (/30) | 43 (4.99) | 32 (4.90)* |
| Executive skills | ||
| WASI matrices (/32) | 26 (4.35) | 26 (3.84) |
| WMS-R digit span forward (max) | 7 (0.75) | 7 (0.99) |
| WMS-R digit span reverse (max) | 6 (1.36) | 5 (1.21) |
| D-KEFS Stroop colour naming (s) | 29 (4.83) | 43 (16.3) |
| D-KEFS Stroop word reading (s) | 23 (4.40) | 28 (10.72) |
| D-KEFS Stroop interference (s) | 52 (10.04) | 72 (24.64) |
| Trails A (s) | 32 (9.31) | 45 (16.41) |
| Trails B (s) | 60 (20.45) | 123 (75.20) |
| Letter fluency (F, 1 min) | 17 (4.76) | 9 (4.62)* |
| Category fluency (animals, 1 min) | 24 (5.13) | 7 (4.88)* |
| Semantic skills | ||
| WASI vocabulary (/80) | 71 (4.21) | 30 (19.62)* |
| WASI similarities (/48) | 40 (3.90) | 17 (11.22)* |
| Graded naming test (/30) | 26 (2.68) | 2 (5.30)* |
| BPVS (/150) | 148 (1.50) | 78 (40.37)* |
| Other skills | ||
| GDA (/24) | 14 (5.69) | 13 (4.44) |
| VOSP object decision (/20) | 19 (1.10) | 16 (2.42) |
Mean (standard deviation) scores are shown unless otherwise indicated; maximum scores are shown after tests (in parentheses).
BPVS British Picture Vocabulary Scale; Category fluency totals for animal category and letter fluency for the letter F in 1 min, D-KEFS Delis Kaplan Executive System, DS digit span, GDA Graded Difficulty Arithmetic test, GNT Graded Naming Test, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination score, N/A not assessed, NART National Adult Reading Test, PAL Paired Associate Learning test, RMT Recognition Memory Test, SD patient group with semantic dementia; Trails-making scores based on maximum time achievable of 2.5 min on task A and 5 min on task B, VOSP Visual Object and Spatial Perception Battery—Object Decision test, WASI Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, WMS Wechsler Memory Scale.
*Significantly different from healthy controls (based on t-tests, or chi-square tests for categorical variables).