Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population in total, in fallers and non-fallers reported retrospectively in the past year
| Variable | All (N = 2256) | No falls past 12 months (N = 1510) | At least 1 fall past 12 months (N = 746) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 79.5 (5.9) | 79.4 (5.5) | 79.6 (6.6) | 0.022 |
| Gender (Female), n (%) | 1256 (55.7) | 795 (52.6) | 461 (61.8) | < 0.001 |
| Educational level, years | 11.0 (7.0) | 11.0 (7.0) | 11.0 (6.0) | 0.973 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 551 (24.4) | 341 (22.6) | 210 (28.2) | 0.004 |
| MMSE | 29.0 (3.0) | 29.0 (3.0) | 29.0 (3.0) | 0.212 |
| GDS | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| IADL | 2.0 (9.0) | 2.0 (8.0) | 3.0 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary incontinence (LUTS), n (%) | 653 (28.9) | 390 (25.8) | 263 (35.3) | < 0.001 |
| Euro-Qol 5D | ||||
| Score | 7.0 (4.0) | 7.0 (3.0) | 8.0 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
| "your health today” | 73.0 (20.0) | 75.0 (25.0) | 70.0 (30.0) | < 0.001 |
| CIRS-G Total Score | 8.0 (6.0) | 8.0 (6.0) | 8.0 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1733 (76.8) | 1147 (76.0) | 586 (78.6) | 0.170 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 131 (5.8) | 68 (4.5) | 63 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
| Hip fracture, n (%) | 111 (4.9) | 49 (3.2) | 62 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | 688 (30.5) | 423 (28.0) | 265 (35.5) | < 0.001 |
| Parkinson, n (%) | 45 (2.0) | 25 (1.7) | 20 (2.7) | 0.101 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 568 (25.2) | 369 (24.4) | 199 (26.7) | 0.249 |
| Number of medications | 4.0 (8.0) | 4.0 (7.0) | 5.0 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (BIS equation) | 0.586 | |||
| ≥ 60, n (%) | 832 (36.9) | 551 (36.5) | 281 (37.7) | |
| < 60, n (%) | 1424 (63.1) | 959 (63.5) | 465 (62.3) | |
| < 45, n (%) | 561 (24.9) | 369 (24.2) | 192 (25.7) | 0.862 |
| < 30, n (%) | 141 (6.3) | 91 (6.0) | 50 (6.7) | 0.696 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.3 (5.7) | 27.3 (5.6) | 27.3 (6.2) | 0.939 |
| SPPB Total Score | 9.0 (4.0) | 10.0 (3.0) | 9.0 (5.0) | < 0.001 |
| SPPB Balance | < 0.001 | |||
| Severe limitation, n (%) | 432 (20.1) | 241 (16.6) | 191 (27.4) | |
| Moderate limitation, n (%) | 410 (19.1) | 265 (18.3) | 145 (20.8) | |
| No limitation, n (%) | 1307 (60.8) | 946 (65.2) | 361 (51.8) | |
| SPPB Gait Speed | < 0.001 | |||
| ≤ 8.70 s, n (%) | 2040 (92.2) | 1393 (93.7) | 647 (89.0) | |
| > 8.70 s, n (%) | 173 (7.8) | 93 (6.3) | 80 (11.0) | |
Note: values are expressed as percentage or median (IQR)
Abbreviations: ADL activities of daily living, BIS Berlin Initiative Study, BMI body mass index, CIRS-G cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GDS geriatric depression scale, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms, MMSE mini mental state examination, SSPB short physical performance battery