Table 3.
Mixed effects models for physical performance and self-reported measures (intention to treat analysis)
| Variable | LMEM time effect | Timeagroup effect | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE (N = 17) | POST (N = 13) | Δ (%) | Parameter estimate (SE) |
t value (p value) |
Parameter estimate (SE) |
t value (p value) |
|||
| MViC extension (Nm/kg) | Operated leg | MIp | 1.35 ± 0.41 | 0.80 ± 0.34 |
− 42.3 62.5 |
0.98 (0.08) | 11.801 (< 0.001) | − 0.42 (0.12) | − 3.541 (0.001) |
| CON | 1.55 ± 0.35 | 0.55 ± 0.25 | − 62.5 | ||||||
| Non-operated leg | MIp | 1.80 ± 0.39 | 1.77 ± 0.29 | 1.2 | − 0.008 (0.042) | − 0.205 (0.839) | 0.008 (0.060) | 0.129 (0.899) | |
| CON | 1.74 ± 0.44 | 1.66 ± 0.35 | 2.2 | ||||||
| Voluntary muscle activation (%) | Operated leg | MIp | 81.63 ± 12.48 | 84.84 ± 9.75 | 8.3 | 17.91 (5.10) | 3.513 (0.001) | − 21.26 (7.21) | − 2.949 (0.006) |
| CON | 82.42 ± 12.91 | 64.36 ± 20.85 | − 16.7 | ||||||
| Non-operated leg | MIp | 85.26 ± 9.23 | 81.42 ± 12.44 | − 3.2 | − 0.22 (3.98) | − 0.056 (0.956) | 4.05 (5.63) | 0.720 (0.477) | |
| CON | 83.84 ± 8.78 | 84.08 ± 12.78 | 2.5 | ||||||
| Knee flexion (degrees) | Operated leg | MIp | 91.41 ± 12.81 | 82.31 ± 9.75 | − 5.6 | 14.38 (4.50) | 3.197 (0.03) | − 5.79 (6.36) | − 0.910 (0.370) |
| CON | 86.76 ± 17.81 | 72.31 ± 14.28 | − 13.2 | ||||||
| Non-operated leg | MIp | 106.88 ± 9.64 | 106.54 ± 9.93 | 2.4 | − 2.51 (2.91) | − 0.862 (0.396) | 1.71 (4.12) | 0.416 (0.681) | |
| CON | 103.29 ± 12.16 | 106.77 ± 11.10 | 2.1 | ||||||
| Knee extension (degrees) | Operated leg | MIp | 4.12 ± 3.18 | 7.15 ± 3.74 | 45.9 | − 3.20 (1.32) | − 2.42 (0.022) | 0.15 (1.87) | 0.081 (0.936) |
| CON | 3.18 ± 2.51 | 6.38 ± 4.56 | 101.3 | ||||||
| Non-operated leg | MIp | 2.76 ± 1.79 | 2.15 ± 1.86 | 0.6 | − 0.21 (0.75) | − 0.28 (0.784) | 0.88 (1.07) | 0.823 (0.417) | |
| CON | 1.65 ± 1.66 | 1.92 ± 2.36 | 8.3 | ||||||
| VAS score (points) | Operated leg | MIp | 53.55 ± 12.84 | 31.54 ± 12.14 | − 39.8 | 16.93 (4.32) | 3.92 (0.001) | 5.13 (6.11) | 0.840 (0.408) |
| CON | 54.12 ± 15.93 | 37.31 ± 14.67 | − 27.3 | ||||||
| Non-operated leg | MIp | 8.24 ± 8.83 | 1.54 ± 3.76 | − 83.3 | 6.94 (2.26) | 3.070 (0.004) | − 0.12 (3.20) | − 0.039 (0.970) | |
| CON | 13.82 ± 12.19 | 7.31 ± 13.01 | − 56.0 | ||||||
| Hand grip strength, dominant arm (kg) | MIp | 36.53 ± 12.92 | 38.85 ± 7.41 | − 0.8 | 0.45 (1.15) | 0.391 (0.699) | − 0.13 (1.63) | − 0.079 (0.937) | |
| CON | 40.24 ± 12.42 | 36.77 ± 11.41 | 2.7 | ||||||
| TUG (s) | MIp | 7.72 ± 1.61 | 7.55 ± 1.22 | 4.0 | − 4.02 (0.58)a | − 6.960 (< 0.001) | 4.04 (0.82) | 4.952 (< 0.001) | |
| CON | 7.45 ± 1.51 | 11.54 ± 3.01 | 54.4 | ||||||
| OKS score (points) | MIp | 23.12 ± 5.99 | 27.08 ± 5.17 | 28.3 | − 3.22 (1.82)a | − 1.767 (0.087) | 5.27 (2.49) | 2.116 (0.043) | |
| CON | 23.0 ± 7.44 | 20.08 ± 4.27 | − 5.2 |
BMI Body mass index, MBI Magnitude-based inference, RDC Raw mean difference in change, Δ (%)–percent changes between initial and final measurement, SE Standard error, LMEM Linear mixed effects models p level of significance
aNegative direction of effect means better result on test;
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD; Bold values represent a significant effect