Table 5.
Study | Test mode | Time point | Types of intervention | Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRE | POST | Percent of change | RDC (95% CI) | MBI | ||||
Bade and Stevens |
Isometric 60° (Nm/kg) |
3.5 weeks | HIRT | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | − 23.1 | 0.30 (− 0.11, 0.71) | Possibly beneficial |
LIRT | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | − 50.0 | |||||
Stevens-Lapsley et al |
Isometric 60° (Nm/kg) |
3.5 weeks | NmES | 1.33 ± 0.57 | 0.93 ± 0.41 | − 30.1 | 0.26 (0.02, 0.50) | Possibly beneficial |
Usual care | 1.32 ± 0.49 | 0.66 ± 0.24 | − 50.0 | |||||
Moukarzel et al. |
Isometric HHD (Nm/BMI) |
4 weeks | MIp | 6.09 ± 0.55 | 13.30 ± 0.87 | + 118.4 | 1.59 (0.90, 2.28) | Most likely beneficial |
Usual care | 6.14 ± 0.46 | 11.76 ± 0.82 | + 91.5 | |||||
Current study |
Isometric 60° (Nm/kg) |
4 weeks | MIp | 1.37 ± 0.35 | 0.80 ± 0.34 | − 42.32 | 0.39 (0.03, 0.75) | Likely beneficial |
Usual care | 1.51 ± 0.38 | 0.55 ± 0.25 | − 62.46 |
HHD Hand-held dynamometer, HIRT High-intensity resistance training, LIRT Low-intensity resistance training, MBI Magnitude-based inference, MIp Motor imagery practice group, NmES Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, RDC Raw mean difference in change