Figure 1.

The Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand induces cell proliferation and is stunted by myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) inhibitor. Breast cancer cells were pretreated with MyD88 inhibitor (1 μM) 4 h prior to the addition of the TLR3 ligand (10 μg/ml) for 24 h before cells were counted. Control indicates cells were not treated with TLR3 ligand or MyD88 inhibitor. Growth kinetic assay. (A) T47D and (B) MDA-MB-231 showing proliferative effect of TLR3 ligand. Inhibition of MyD88 dimerization restrict the proliferative effect. (C) Contour plots for BrdU-cell proliferation assay using T47D cells. Cells were pretreated with MyD88 inhibitor (1 μM) 4 h prior to addition TLR3 ligand (10 μg/ml) for 24 h before labeling with BrdU and detecting by flow cytometry. Contour plots of DNA-7AAD-A vs. log BrdU-FITC showing G_0/G₁, S, and G₂/M gates of control cells, cells treated with TLR3 ligand, cells treated with TLR3 ligand and MyD88 inhibitor, and cells treated with only MyD88 inhibitor. (D) Bar graph showing percentage of S-phase-gated cells among the different experimental cell groups following BrdU incorporation. The results are presented as mean ± SD, and p < 0.05 is treated as significant.