Table 2. Effect of SC and EX+SC on metabolic outcomes and adipokines.
| SC | EX+SC | ANOVA (P-value) | Effect Size | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE | POST | PRE | POST | G | T | GxT | Cohen’s d | |
| Insulin Sensitivity | 4.99±0.72 | 6.36±1.34 | 8.49±2.15 | 10.71±3.41 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.69 | 0.33 |
| Glucose tAUC (mg/dL•120min) | 13497±739 | 12687±424 | 15015±1277 | 14501±1160 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.74 | 0.18 |
| (mg/dL•120min)in | ||||||||
| FFA tAUC (mmol/L•120min) | 39±7 | 41±7 | 40±7 | 44±6 | 0.81 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 0.13 |
| (mEq/L•120min) | ||||||||
| Insulin tAUC (μU/mL•120min) | 3859±541 | 3736±961 | 2932±562 | 3093±717 | 0.38 | 0.97 | 0.79 | 0.14 |
| (μU/ml•120min) || | ||||||||
| Adipokines (ng/mL) | ||||||||
| Leptin || | 100.4±17.2 | 105.0±20.9 | 90.9±13.5 | 87.8±18.5 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.33 |
| HMW Adiponectin | 1112.9±226.9 | 1179.6±229.5 | 2375.0±608.2 | 2240.0±520.8 | 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 0.59 |
| Total Adiponectin || | 4877.1±629.3 | 4972.9±696.1 | 6216.4±1252.2 | 5360.6±1062.8 | 0.83 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 1.54 |
| HMW:Total | 0.22±0.02 | 0.23±0.02 | 0.39±0.06 | 0.44±0.07 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.68 |
| HMW:Leptin | 13.6±3.6 | 14.6±3.7 | 29.3±8.7 | 30.1±7.6 | 0.10 | 0.62 | 0.98 | 0.04 |
Data are means ± SEM. HMW adiponectin and the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin were covaried for baseline HMW adiponectin group differences (P = 0.09). ||Non-normally distributed data are presented in raw version for ease of interpretation. Conversions: Glucose, 1.00 mmol/L = 18.01 mg/dL; FFA, 1.00 mmol/L = 1.00 mEq/L; Insulin, 1.00 μU/mL = 6.95 pmol/L; Adipokines, 1.00 ng/mL = 0.001 μg/mL. Abbreviations: Total area under the curve (tAUC) for 120 min; free fatty acids (FFA); high molecular weight (HMW); group (G; SC vs. EX+SC); time (T; PRE vs. POST); group x time interaction (G x T).