FIG 4.

The ability of S. pseudintermedius isolates to aggregate is reduced in the presence of subinhibitory 5% (wt/vol) manuka honey. (A) Effect of sublethal (5% [wt/vol]) manuka honey on 18 S. pseudintermedius isolates. Isolates showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.001) in their ability to aggregate when treated with 5% (wt/vol) manuka honey. (B) Effect of increasing concentrations of manuka honey on preformed 24-h biofilms with a significant (**, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P = 0.001) reduction in biofilm seen at concentrations of ≥30% (wt/vol). Data points indicate median values and error bars represent the 95% confidence limit.