Table 3:

Sensitivity analyses testing for associations between maternal diabetes exposure and cardiovascular disease in offspring, with additional adjustment for confounding

End point or risk factor	Exposure; adjusted HR (95% CI)
	Maternal gestational diabetes v. no diabetes exposure	Maternal type 2 diabetes v. no diabetes exposure
Single births, fully adjusted*
CVD end points	1.38 (1.00–1.91)	1.68 (1.02–2.76)
CVD risk factors	1.58 (1.37–1.83)	3.44 (2.89–4.11)
Propensity score–matched cohort, fully adjusted* + hospital of birth
CVD end points	1.42 (1.20–1.79)	1.39 (0.97–1.98)
CVD risk factors	1.90 (1.73–2.08)	3.28 (2.90–3.71)
Marginal Cox model,† fully adjusted* + hospital of birth
CVD end points	1.42 (1.12–1.80)	1.39 (0.96–1.99)
CVD risk factors	1.90 (1.72–2.09)	3.28 (2.87–3.75)

Note: CI = confidence interval, CVD = cardiovascular disease, HR = hazard ratio.

^*“Fully adjusted” means adjusted for the following factors: maternal age at offspring birth; Socioeconomic Factor Index, version 2; rural residence; birth weight; small for gestational age; large for gestational age; and preterm birth.

^†Marginal Cox modelling accounts for intrafamily clustering.