Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics Among 163 Patients with COPD at Baseline
| Variables | All Patients (n=163) |
COPD without CV Events (n=122) | COPD with CV Events (n=41) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 (60.9–72.6) | 63.4 (59.2–70.1) | 66.3 (63.5–76.9) | 0.017 |
| Sex (men/women) | 77/86 | 57/122 | 20/41 | 0.158 |
| BMI | 26.2 (23.4–27.3) | 25.6 (22.5–27.7) | 27.6 (24.6–28.9) | 0.013 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 26 (16.0) | 20 (16.4) | 6 (14.6) | 0.206 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 57 (35.0) | 38 (31.1) | 19 (46.3) | 0.009 |
| Admission systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.9 (112.5–146.8) | 126.1 (106.9–145.5) | 128.5 (113.6–149.2) | 0.113 |
| Admission diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.7 (71.2–86.5) | 77.5 (66.3–80.2) | 79.6 (76.5–88.3) | 0.327 |
| LVEF, n (%) | 63.1±4.3 | 65.7±4.9 | 60.2±4.1 | <0.001 |
| CVD history | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 33 (20.2) | 24 (19.7) | 9 (22.0) | 0.371 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 48 (29.4) | 35 (28.7) | 13 (31.7) | 0.295 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 33 (20.2) | 18 (14.8) | 15 (36.6) | 0.002 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 23 (14.1) | 10 (8.2) | 13 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| Others, n (%) | 12 (7.4) | 8 (6.6) | 4 (9.8) | 0.150 |
| Treatments | ||||
| ACEI/ARB | 20/163 | 14/122 | 7/41 | 0.004 |
| beta-Blocker | 39/163 | 29/122 | 10/41 | 0.310 |
| CCB | 28/163 | 21/122 | 7/41 | 0.779 |
| Diuretic | 42/163 | 32/122 | 10/41 | 0.413 |
| Lipid-lowering drug | 24/163 | 18/122 | 6/41 | 0.272 |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 56.8 (45.1–63.7) | 63.1 (57.1–66.2) | 52.7 (43.2–60.5) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 623 (428–781) | 437 (277–670) | 688 (521–947) | <0.001 |
| Hs-CRP (pg/mL) | 7.3 (2.6–13.5) | 5.7 (2.1–8.4) | 9.8 (3.7–17.6) | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 105 (91–119) | 113 (98–126) | 101 (85–112) | <0.001 |
| ALB (g/L) | 38.1 (36.6–41.2) | 39.2 (37.4–44.0) | 36.3 (34.2–39.3) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 (5.6–6.2) | 5.8 (5.5–6.0) | 6.1 (5.8–6.5) | 0.088 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.47±0.97 | 2.16±0.89 | 2.67±1.38 | <0.001 |
| VCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 1034.6±345.1 | 947.8±293.2 | 1174.4±365.3 | <0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD for normally distributed data, as median (interquartile range) for nonnormally distributed data, and as n (%) for categoric variables.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, cardiovascular; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide; Hb, hemoglobin; hs-CRP, hs-C reactive protein; ALB, albumin; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.