Table 4.

Cox Proportional Hazard Analysis for Predicting CV Events in 163 Patients with COPD

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
VCAM-1 levels (ng/mL)
Quartile 1	1.000 (ref.)	1.000 (ref.)	1.000 (ref.)
Quartile 2	2.011 (1.400–3.691)	1.865 (1.313–3.207)	1.594 (1.210–3.088)
Quartile 3	2.460 (1.744–4.249)	2.217 (1.523–4.014)	2.154 (1.456–3.449)
Quartile 4	3.152 (2.093–6.150)	2.846 (1.774–5.871)	2.617 (1.673–5.328)
P-trend	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Notes: Model 1: Adjusted for age and gender, Model 2: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, current smoker, current drinker, admission systolic and diastolic BP, LVEF, CVD history and treatments, Model 3: Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, current smoker, current drinker, admission systolic and diastolic BP, LVEF, CVD history, treatments and laboratory measurements.

Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.