Table 4.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with postoperative facial weakness (includes all patients who developed facial weakness regardless of its final outcome).
| Postoperative facial weakness (n=61) | P valuea | Temporary weakness (n=46) | P valueb | Permanent weakness (n=6) | P valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||||
| <18 | 4 (40.0) | .650 | 3 (33.3) | .703 | 1 (14.3) | .329 |
| 18-60 | 53 (32.3) | 40 (26.5) | 5 (4.3) | |||
| >60 | 4 (23.5) | 3 (18.8) | - | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 28 (28.6) | .306 | 19 (21.3) | .144 | 4 (5.4) | .380 |
| Female | 33 (35.5) | 27 (31.0) | 2 (3.2) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| ≤25 | 17 (30.4) | .739 | 13 (25.0) | .802 | 3 (7.1) | .307 |
| >25 | 44 (32.8) | 33 (26.8) | 3 (3.2) | |||
| Current smoker | ||||||
| No | 40 (32.3) | .897 | 31 (27.0) | .734 | 4 (4.5) | .918 |
| Yes | 21 (31.3) | 15 (24.6) | 2 (4.2) | |||
| Diabetic | ||||||
| No | 50 (31.2) | .644 | 36 (24.7) | .325 | 5 (4.3) | .932 |
| Yes | 11 (35.5) | 10 (33.3) | 1 (4.8) | |||
| Side of parotid surgery | ||||||
| Right | 30 (30.0) | .641 | 23 (24.7) | .653 | 4 (5.4) | .538 |
| Left | 31 (34.1) | 23 (27.7) | 2 (3.2) | |||
| Surgery | ||||||
| Primary | 55 (30.6) | .098 | 44 (26.0) | .881 | 3 (2.3) | <.001 |
| Revision | 6 (54.5) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (37.5) | |||
| Use of intraoperative facial nerve monitor | ||||||
| No | 49 (32.7) | .679 | 37 (26.8) | .698 | 6 (5.6) | .192 |
| Yes | 12 (29.3) | 9 (23.7) | - | |||
| Extent of surgery | ||||||
| Less than total parotidectomy | 44 (26.7) | <.001 | 35 (22.4) | .002 | 4 (3.2) | .020 |
| Total parotidectomy | 17 (65.4) | 11 (55.0) | 2 (18.2) | |||
| Extent of surgery | ||||||
| Extracapsular dissection + partial superficial parotidectomy | 3 (12.5) | .086 | 2 (8.7) | .084 | 1 (4.5) | .699 |
| Superficial parotidectomy | 41 (29.3) | 33 (25.0) | 3 (2.9) | |||
| Direction of facial nerve dissection | ||||||
| Antegrade | 54 (35.3) | .154 | 40 (28.8) | .313 | 5 (4.8) | .895 |
| Retrograde | 6 (18.2) | 5 (15.6) | 1 (3.6) | |||
| Deep lobe involvement | ||||||
| No | 52 (30.4) | .185 | 40 (25.2) | .366 | 5 (4.0) | .480 |
| Yes | 9 (45.0) | 6 (35.3) | 1 (8.3) | |||
| Concurrent sialadenitis in final pathology | ||||||
| No | 51 (31.3) | .553 | 40 (26.3) | .981 | 4 (3.4) | .165 |
| Yes | 10 (37.0) | 6 (26.1) | 2 (10.5) | |||
| Specimen volume | ||||||
| Less than 60 cc | 36 (26.1) | .001 | 28 (21.5) | .007 | 3 (2.9) | .066 |
| 60 cc and above | 25 (51.0) | 18 (42.9) | 3 (11.1) | |||
Data are number (%). Statistical comparisons:
a
Development of any postoperative facial weakness vs none;
b
Development of temporary facial weakness vs none,
c
Development of permanent facial weakness vs none.