Table 4.
Association between each ocular disease and the risk of schizophrenia
| Number (%) | Risk of schizophrenia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocular Disease | Schizophrenia (n = 1623) |
Control (n = 6492) |
OR (95% CI) | P |
| Age-related macular degeneration | 10 (0.62) | 36 (0.55) | 1.11 (0.55–2.25) | 0.768 |
| Central serous retinopathy | 0 (0.0) | 8 (0.12) | NA | NA |
| Retinal vascular occlusion | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.20) | NA | NA |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 14 (0.86) | 71 (1.09) | 0.79 (0.44–1.40) | 0.418 |
| Glaucoma | 39 (2.40) | 107 (1.65) | 1.47 (1.02–2.11) | 0.037 |
| Glaucoma suspect | 15 (0.92) | 32 (0.49) | 1.88 (1.01–3.49) | 0.045 |
| Open-angle glaucoma | 12 (0.74) | 22 (0.34) | 2.19 (1.13–4.26) | 0.021 |
| Closed-angle glaucoma | 6 (0.37) | 29 (0.45) | 0.83 (0.34–2.00) | 0.673 |
| Undetermined glaucoma | 19 (1.2) | 46 (0.7) | 1.66 (0.98–2.81) | 0.059 |
| Dry eye syndrome | 78 (4.81) | 295 (4.54) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 0.655 |
| Optic neuropathy | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.05) | NA | NA |
| Negative control exposure | ||||
| Retinal detachment | 2 (0.12) | 13 (0.20) | 0.61 (0.14–2.73) | 0.523 |
| Uveitis | 5 (0.31) | 23 (0.35) | 0.87 (0.33–2.29) | 0.777 |
| Blepharitis | 26 (1.60) | 137 (2.11) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) | 0.188 |
OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval, NA not applicable