Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 deaths.
| Clinical characteristics | All cases (N = 77) , n(%), mean(SD) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 51 (66.2) |
| Female | 26 (33.8) |
| Age at death, years | 71 (13) |
| Male | 69 (15) |
| Female | 75 (10) |
| Mean survival time (from disease onset to death), days | 17.4 (8.4) |
| Permanent residents of Wuhan | 77 (100.0) |
| Mass gathering | 63 (81.8) |
| Initial symptoms | |
| Fever | 63 (81.8) |
| Cough | 15 (19.5) |
| Dyspnea | 25 (32.5) |
| Fatigue | 12 (15.6) |
| Abdominal pain, diarrhea | 3 (3.9) |
| Neurological symptoms | 4 (5.2) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Any of comorbidities | 56 (72.7) |
| Hypertension | 33 (58.9) |
| Heart disease | 18 (32.1) |
| Diabetes | 18 (32.1) |
| Chronic lung disease (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Asthma, Bronchiectasis) | 8 (14.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (12.5) |
| Nephropathy | 7 (13.5) |
| Liver disease | 4 (7.1) |
| Cancers | 2 (3.6) |
| Surgery | 1 (1.8) |
| Others (Rectal polyps, Gout, Gallstone, Pancreatitis) | 4 (7.1) |
| Smoking history, yes | 33 (42.9) |
| Causes of death | |
| Acute respiratory distress syndromea | 67 (87.0) |
| Sepsisa | 14 (18.2) |
| Nervous system diseasea | 3 (3.9) |
| Heart diseasea | 2 (2.6) |
| Gastrointestinal bleedinga | 2 (2.6) |
| Others (Pancreatitis, Uremia, Renal insufficiency)a | 3 (3.9) |
| Respiratory support | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 7 (9.1) |
| Non-invasive ventilator | 24 (31.2) |
| Oxygen mask | 24 (31.2) |
| High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy | 16 (20.8) |
| Mean time from admission to endotracheal intubation, days | 6 (3.3) |
aAnalysis was done in the cases with any comorbidity, so the total number is 56 for all.