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. 2020 Oct 2;10:16384. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73136-7

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 deaths.

Clinical characteristics All cases (N = 77) , n(%), mean(SD)
Gender
Male 51 (66.2)
Female 26 (33.8)
Age at death, years 71 (13)
Male 69 (15)
Female 75 (10)
Mean survival time (from disease onset to death), days 17.4 (8.4)
Permanent residents of Wuhan 77 (100.0)
Mass gathering 63 (81.8)
Initial symptoms
 Fever 63 (81.8)
 Cough 15 (19.5)
 Dyspnea 25 (32.5)
 Fatigue 12 (15.6)
Abdominal pain, diarrhea 3 (3.9)
 Neurological symptoms 4 (5.2)
Comorbidities
Any of comorbidities 56 (72.7)
 Hypertension 33 (58.9)
 Heart disease 18 (32.1)
 Diabetes 18 (32.1)
 Chronic lung disease (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Asthma, Bronchiectasis) 8 (14.3)
 Cerebrovascular disease 7 (12.5)
 Nephropathy 7 (13.5)
 Liver disease 4 (7.1)
 Cancers 2 (3.6)
 Surgery 1 (1.8)
 Others (Rectal polyps, Gout, Gallstone, Pancreatitis) 4 (7.1)
Smoking history, yes 33 (42.9)
Causes of death
 Acute respiratory distress syndromea 67 (87.0)
 Sepsisa 14 (18.2)
 Nervous system diseasea 3 (3.9)
 Heart diseasea 2 (2.6)
 Gastrointestinal bleedinga 2 (2.6)
 Others (Pancreatitis, Uremia, Renal insufficiency)a 3 (3.9)
Respiratory support
 Invasive mechanical ventilation 7 (9.1)
 Non-invasive ventilator 24 (31.2)
 Oxygen mask 24 (31.2)
 High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy 16 (20.8)
Mean time from admission to endotracheal intubation, days 6 (3.3)

aAnalysis was done in the cases with any comorbidity, so the total number is 56 for all.