Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

letter

. 2020 Oct 3;5:217. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00333-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Identification of proteomic predictive factors for severe COVID-19 patient screening. Sera samples from two independent cohorts were collected. Samples from Development group were proteomically analyzed by LC-MS/MS and PRM. Machine-learning analysis of the proteomics data identified three predictive factors for screening severe COVID-19 patients. Samples from Validation group were analyzed by ELISA assay to validate the proteomic predictive factors. a PCA plot of the proteomics data (988 quantified proteins), red, green and blue data points are control, moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, respectively. The subject ID numbers are also shown. The centroid of each sample group is indicated by a larger solid red circle, green triangle and blue diamond, respectively. b Volcano plot showing DE protein identification between all patients (Development group) and controls. Selected DE proteins are indicated. c Heatmap visualization of the 90 significantly DE proteins between patients and controls. Upregulated and downregulated are in respect to patients vs. controls. Triangle indicates the only patient (Patient 22) who was classified as severe on hospital admission. Gene names are shown on the right. d Dotplot visualization of selected GO biological process terms for the upregulated proteins in COVID-19 patients. Dot sizes are proportional to the number of proteins annotated to the corresponding GO term. Color-scale is proportional to −log10(adjusted P value). e Volcano plot showing DE protein identification between all severe and moderate patients in Development group, with selected DE proteins indicated. f Heatmap visualization of the 24 significantly DE proteins between severe and moderate patients. Upregulated and downregulated are in respect to severe vs. moderate. Triangle indicates the only patient who was classified as severe on hospital admission. Gene names are shown on the right. g Dotplot visualization of selected GO biological process terms for the upregulated proteins in severe patients. Dot sizes are proportional to the number of proteins annotated to the corresponding GO term. Color-scale is proportional to −log10(adjusted P value). h Boxplots of PRM validation intensity of DDT, OAF, and MB in severe and moderate patients. i ROC of the random forest model built with the three protein features shown in j. The AUC is quoted with the 95% confidence interval values in brackets. j Importance ranking of OAF, MB and DDT in random forest models. k Boxplots of ELISA detection values of DDT, MB, and OAF between moderate (n = 21) and severe (n = 29) COVID-19 patients in Validation group. *P < 0.05. P values were calculated by Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. S Severe, M Moderate