Table 2.
Characteristics of 1,689 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Mastectomy Patients Who Underwent Home Recovery, October 2017 to August 2019
| Characteristic | Successful home recovery (n = 1,578) | Return to care (n = 111) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristic | |||
| Age, n (%) | 0.67 | ||
| 18–39 y | 122 (8) | 6 (5) | |
| 40–64 y | 921 (58) | 67 (60) | |
| ≥ 65 y | 535 (34) | 38 (34) | |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 58.6 (13.5) | 59.8 (13.3) | 0.38 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| African American | 85 (5) | 17 (15) | |
| Asian American | 361 (23) | 19 (17) | |
| Hispanic | 215 (14) | 16 (14) | |
| White | 818 (52) | 54 (49) | |
| Other/missing | 99 (6) | — | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| 0–3 | 1,022 (65) | 58 (52) | |
| 4–8 | 508 (32) | 53 (48) | |
| ≥ 9 | 48 (3) | — | |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.10 | ||
| < 18.5 kg/m2 | 43 (3) | — | |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 625 (40) | 32 (29) | |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 482 (31) | 38 (34) | |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 428 (27) | 39 (35) | |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 0.43 | ||
| Yes | 214 (14) | 18 (16) | |
| No | 1,364 (86) | 93 (84) | |
| Operative factor | |||
| LOS postoperative, h, mean (SD) | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.3 (1.4) | 0.79 |
| ASA class, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| 1 | 63 (4) | 7 (6) | |
| 2 | 1,034 (66) | 50 (45) | |
| 3 | 469 (30) | 53 (48) | |
| 4 | 12 (< 1) | — | |
| Operation, n (%) | 0.94 | ||
| Unilateral with reconstruction | 308 (20) | 19 (17) | |
| Unilateral without reconstruction | 904 (57) | 65 (59) | |
| Bilateral with reconstruction | 177 (11) | 13 (12) | |
| Bilateral without reconstruction | 189 (12) | 14 (13) | |
| Nipple-sparing technique, n (%) | 0.19 | ||
| Yes | 243 (15) | 12 (11) | |
| No | 1,335 (85) | 99 (89) | |
| Nodal surgery, n (%) | 0.38 | ||
| Axillary node dissection | 637 (40) | 47 (42) | |
| Sentinel node biopsy | 636 (40) | 38 (34) | |
| None | 305 (19) | 26 (23) | |
| Operating time, n (%) | 0.13 | ||
| < 2 h | 772 (49) | 64 (58) | |
| 2–4 h | 694 (44) | 43 (39) | |
| > 4 h | 112 (7) | — | |
| Estimated blood loss, n (%) | 0.83 | ||
| < 100 mL | 1,494 (95) | 106 (96) | |
| ≥ 100 mL | 52 (3) | — | |
| Missing | 32 (2) | — | |
| High-volume breast surgeon, n (%) | 0.95 | ||
| Yes | 1,509 (96) | 106 (96) | |
| No | 69 (4) | — | |
| Multimodal pain management | |||
| Delta pain score, mean (SD) | –1.8 (2.1) | –1.6 (2.0) | 0.23 |
| NSAID, n (%) | 200 (13) | 13 (12) | 0.77 |
| Liposomal bupivacaine, n (%) | 163 (10) | 14 (13) | 0.46 |
| Gabapentin, n (%) | 491 (31) | 36 (32) | 0.77 |
| IV lidocaine, n (%) | 34 (2) | — | 0.31 |
| IV acetaminophen, n (%) | 923 (58) | 55 (50) | 0.07 |
| Ketamine, n (%) | 259 (16) | 20 (18) | 0.66 |
| Nerve block, n (%) | 450 (29) | 35 (32) | 0.50 |
| Any opioid, n (%) | 1,408 (89) | 93 (84) | 0.08 |
| Filled opioid post discharge, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 813 (52) | 41 (37) | |
| No | 765 (48) | 70 (63) |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status; LOS, length of stay.