Table 3.
Summary of statistical results of the mixed ANOVA and means and standard deviations of balance.
| Balance | Group 1 (TENS-PNF) Group 2 (PNF) Control group (CG) |
Mean (standard deviation) | Mixed ANOVA (p value) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | 3rd week | 5th week | Interaction (group and time) effect ηp2 (p value) | Group (G) effect ηp2 (p value) | Time (T) effect ηp2 (p value) | ||
| SEBT anterior | TENS-PNF | 78.2 ± 2.5 | 81.9 ± 3.1 | 82.5 ± 2.6 | 0.613 (0.01)∗ | 0.593 (0.01)∗ | 0.670 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 68.5 ± 3.9 | 70.2 ± 4.1 | 69.4 ± 4.2 | ||||
| CG | 70.5 ± 5.9 | 70.7 ± 7.0 | 70.8 ± 7.3 | ||||
| SEBT posterior | TENS-PNF | 92.4 ± 3.1 | 96.1 ± 3.1 | 96.3 ± 3.1 | 0.655 (0.01)∗ | 0.136 (0.01)∗ | 0.710 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 91.2 ± 4.6 | 92.4 ± 4.5 | 92.3 ± 4.7 | ||||
| CG | 90.7 ± 5.4 | 90.9 ± 5.3 | 91.0 ± 5.2 | ||||
| SEBT medial | TENS-PNF | 95.7 ± 3.5 | 99.8 ± 4.1 | 100.1 ± 4.1 | 0.727 (0.01)∗ | 0.043 (0.28)# | 0.758 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 96.9 ± 3.7 | 98.3 ± 3.5 | 98.1 ± 3.7 | ||||
| CG | 96.6 ± 3.5 | 96.8 ± 3.3 | 96.7 ± 3.4 | ||||
| SEBT lateral | TENS-PNF | 89.1 ± 5.9 | 92.1 ± 5.9 | 92.2 ± 5.7 | 0.607 (0.01)∗ | 0.033 (0.38)# | 0.624 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 92.9 ± 4.7 | 93.9 ± 4.2 | 93.4 ± 4.1 | ||||
| CG | 91.6 ± 5.5 | 91.8 ± 5.4 | 91.8 ± 5.1 | ||||
| SEBT anterolateral | TENS-PNF | 74.9 ± 4.7 | 77.0 ± 4.6 | 77.3 ± 4.7 | 0.653 (0.01)∗ | 0.001 (0.96)# | 0.671 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 75.1 ± 3.9 | 76.4 ± 3.8 | 75.6 ± 4.0 | ||||
| CG | 75.8 ± 4.1 | 76.1 ± 4.0 | 76.1 ± 4.0 | ||||
| SEBT anteromedial | TENS-PNF | 84.2 ± 5.8 | 88.1 ± 5.9 | 88.7 ± 5.8 | 0.562 (0.01)∗ | 0.062 (0.15)# | 0.602 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 83.1 ± 5.7 | 84.3 ± 5.7 | 84.2 ± 5.4 | ||||
| CG | 83.8 ± 5.7 | 84.1 ± 5.8 | 84.1 ± 5.8 | ||||
| SEBT posterolateral | TENS-PNF | 95.1 ± 3.0 | 98.6 ± 2.4 | 98.9 ± 2.4 | 0.678 (0.01)∗ | 0.118 (0.02)∗ | 0.703 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 95.6 ± 2.9 | 96.7 ± 3.2 | 96.3 ± 3.4 | ||||
| CG | 94.9 ± 2.8 | 95.1 ± 2.9 | 95.1 ± 2.9 | ||||
| SEBT posteromedial | TENS-PNF | 96.9 ± 2.6 | 102.1 ± 4.0 | 102.3 ± 4.0 | 0.633 (0.01)∗ | 0.181 (0.01)∗ | 0.638 (0.01)∗ |
| PNF | 96.8 ± 2.8 | 98.3 ± 3.2 | 97.7 ± 3.3 | ||||
| CG | 96.9 ± 3.3 | 97.2 ± 3.0 | 97.1 ± 3.0 | ||||
SEBT: Star Excursion Balance Test. ∗Significant effect (p ≤ 0.05). #Nonsignificant.