Table 2.

Changes in the 5 questionnaires over 6 months.

Parameter			Control (n=27)		Intervention							P valuea
					All (n=39)		Physician-referred (n=19)		Self-referred (n=20)		Physician-referred vs. control		Self-referred vs. control		Physician- vs. self-referred
SDSCAb
	Total diet
		Baseline	14.3 (4.4)		10.8 (3.9)		11.6 (3.0)		10.0 (4.4)		.11		<.001		.22
		6 months	14.7 (5.2)		12.6 (5.3)		11.3 (3.3)		13.8 (6.5)		.01		.59		.15
		P valuec	.73		.03		.87		.02
	Exercise
		Baseline	7.2 (3.8)		6.0 (3.5)		5.4 (3.3)		6.6 (3.7)		.27		.84		.33
		6 months	6.2 (4.4)		5.2 (3.7)		3.8 (2.7)		6.5 (4.1)		.03		.84		.02
		P valuec	.45		.16		.21		.44
	Self-monitoring of blood glucose
		Baseline	7.1 (4.7)		4.1 (4.9)		3.8 (5.4)		4.4 (4.5)		.10		.19		.42
		6 months	6.7 (4.5)		6.6 (4.7)		5.1 (4.2)		8.0 (4.8)		.23		.36		.06
		P valuec	.35		.01		.24		.02
	Foot
		Baseline	4.1 (4.0)		3.8 (4.3)		3.2 (3.8)		4.3 (4.7)		.77		.98		.44
		6 months	4.1 (4.0)		3.8 (4.3)		3.2 (3.8)		4.3 (4.7)		.46		.86		.43
		P valueb	>.999		.10		>.999		>.999
	Smoking
		Baseline	1.0 (2.2)		2.1 (3.2)		2.8 (3.5)		1.5 (2.9)		.10		.83		.20
		6 months	1.7 (3.0)		2.1 (3.2)		3.2 (3.5)		1.1 (2.6)		.16		.41		.04
		P valuec	.10		.46		.18		.16
ADDQOLd
		Baseline	–3.3 (2.1)		–2.5 (1.5)		–2.7 (1.6)		–2.4 (1.6)		.54		.26		.59
		6 months	–3.2 (1.7)		–2.8 (1.4)		–2.6 (1.4)		–2.9 (1.5)		.31		.59		.62
		P valuec	.58		.59		.67		.53
ADSe total
		Baseline	15.5 (2.7)		15.8 (3.0)		15.7 (2.0)		15.9 (3.7)		.99		.91		.82
		6 months	16.1 (2.4)		15.5 (3.2)		15.2 (2.7)		15.8 (3.6)		.24		.71		.58
		P valuec	.31		.48		.32		.86
PAIDf
		Baseline	50.6 (9.8)		49.8 (15.2)		49.9 (13.5)		49.8 (16.9)		.98		.98		.99
		6 months	47.5 (12.6)		44.2 (15.2)		42.4 (14.8)		45.9 (15.7)		.22		.70		.49
		P valuec	.30		.02		.09		.18
DTSQg
		Baseline (DTSQs)	25.2 (4.7)		24.7 (6.1)		24.2 (6.5)		25.3 (5.8)		.80		.99		.59
		6 months (DTSQc)	9.0 (4.6)		12.0 (4.7)		11.4 (4.6)		12.6 (4.9)		.10		.02		.47

^aAn independent t test was used.

^bSDSCA: Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities.

^cA paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used.

^dADDQOL: Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life.

^eADS: Appraisal of Diabetes Scale (Korean version).

^fPAID: Problem Areas In Diabetes.

^gDTSQc: Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire.