Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants at baseline in 2011 by eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) groups
| Characteristics | Total (n = 11 508) | eGFR ≥ 90 (n=7235) | eGFR 60 to 89 (n = 3880) | eGFR < 60 (n = 393) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 58.7 (9.8) | 55.3 (7.8) | 63.8 (9.9) | 70.7 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Male, N (%) | 5364 (46.6) | 3282 (45.4) | 1888 (48.7) | 194 (49.6) | 0.002 |
| Rural, N (%) | 9370 (81.5) | 6077 (84.0) | 3007 (77.6) | 286 (72.8) | <0.001 |
| Above high school, N (%) | 1229 (10.7) | 826 (11.4) | 374 (9.7) | 29 (7.4) | 0.002 |
| PCE, median (IQR) | 6647.4 (4073.9, 11207.7) | 6574.4 (4104.5, 11081.2) | 6765.1 (40034.0, 11316.8) | 7335.2 (3972.6, 10804.8) | 0.63 |
| Smoking, N (%) | |||||
| Never | 7005 (62.3) | 4487 (63.4) | 2283 (60.4) | 235 (61.4) | <0.001 |
| Past | 953 (8.5) | 504 (7.1) | 395 (10.5) | 54 (14.1) | |
| current | 3280 (29.2) | 2084 (29.5) | 1102 (29.2) | 94 (24.5) | |
| Drinking, N (%) | |||||
| Never | 6762 (59.0) | 4248 (59.0) | 2262 (58.6) | 252 (64.6) | <0.001 |
| Past | 938 (8.2) | 484 (6.7) | 396 (10.3) | 58 (14.9) | |
| current | 3756 (32.8) | 2474 (34.3) | 1202 (31.1) | 80 (20.5) | |
| SBP, mean (SD) | 129.6(21.6) | 127.1 (20.5) | 133.1 (22.6) | 141.2 (23.5) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mean (SD) | 75.3 (12.2) | 75.2 (12.2) | 75.3 (12.2) | 77.3 (13.4) | 0.01 |
| BMI, N (%) | |||||
| Underweight | 656 (6.8) | 347 (5.7) | 279 (8.5) | 30 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Normal | 5978 (61.9) | 3787 (62.7) | 2000 (60.8) | 191 (59.3) | |
| Overweight | 2553 (26.5) | 1616 (26.7) | 856 (26.0) | 81 (25.2) | |
| Obesity | 465 (4.8) | 291 (4.8) | 154 (4.7) | 20 (6.2) | |
| TC, mean (SD) | 192.9 (38.6) | 190.3 (38.0) | 197.0 (39.1) | 200.4 (41.2) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mean (SD) | 50.9 (15.3) | 51.2 (15.4) | 50.4 (15.2) | 50.3 (15.3) | 0.03 |
| LDL-C, mean (SD) | 116.1 (34.9) | 114.1 (34.2) | 119.4 (35.5) | 120.0 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| TG, median (IQR) | 106.2 (75.2, 155.8) | 102.7 (73.5, 151.3) | 110.6 (78.8, 162.4) | 117.7 (83.2, 176.1) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mean (SD) | 92.3 (15.3) | 101.6 (7.6) | 79.2 (8.0) | 50.2 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| FBG, median (IQR) | 102.4 (94.3, 113.6) | 101.9 (94.0, 112.3) | 103.1 (95.0, 115.0) | 108.0 (97.5,122.1) | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c, median (IQR) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.4) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.4) | 5.1 (4.9, 5.5) | 5.2 (4.9, 5.5) | 0.002 |
| Hs-CRP, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.6, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) | 1.8 (1.0, 4.4) | <0.001 |
| Micro-inflammatory state, N (%) | 2067 (18.0) | 1162 (16.1) | 771 (19.9) | 134 (34.1) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 3948 (40.8) | 2136 (35.3) | 1602 (48.6) | 210 (64.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 1642 (16.3) | 955 (15.0) | 591 (17.3) | 96 (28.5) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, N (%) | 7217 (62.7) | 4368 (60.4) | 2581 (66.5) | 268 (68.2) | <0.001 |
Note:a Calculated with CKD-EPI equation based on serum creatinine (ml/min/1.73m2).
Abbreviation: PCE: per capita expenditure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; Hs-crp: high sensitivity C reactive protein.